HCoV-OC43 strain was first detected in 1967 by an organ culture technique from throat washings of patients with common colds [186], but its complete genomic sequence was not reported until 2004 [187]. HCoV-HKU1 was first characterized in 2005 by Woo et al. at the University of Hong Kong (HKU) from a nasopharyngeal aspirate of a patient with pneumonia [188]. Based on genomic sequences reported so far, there is no bat CoV classified as a βCoV lineage A. Based on phylogenetic analysis, both HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1 βCoV lineage A probably originated in rodents [85]. While an intermediate host of HCoV-HKU1 remains unknown, HCoV-OC43 is believed to have cattle serving as intermediate hosts from rodents to humans [189].