review, clinical and in vivo studies evaluating HCQ antiviral activity against the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Chikungunya Virus (CHIKV), Flavivirus, and Coronavirus have been analyzed (Figure 3B, Figure 5, and Table 1).

2.2.1. HIV-1
HIV is part of the genus Lentivirus, of the Retroviridae f