The 4-aminoquinolonehydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was synthesized for the first time in 1946, but its history began as far back as the 1600s thanks to the Incas in Chile. They introduced the special properties of cinchona bark to the Jesuits and in 1820 quinine and cinchonine were isolated and identified as the main alkaloids responsible for the antimalarial activity attributed to the bark. For these reasons, in 1900, the Dutch and British transplanted this “miraculous tree” to Java. The quinine soon began to be also used for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus [1,2,3].