Piconi, et al. (2011) [23]  Prospective noncomparativeStudy20 HIV-infected immunologic non-responders  400 mg/day HCQ6 months  After 6 months, there was an increase in CD4+ T-cells percentage; a reduction of activation/proliferation in CD4+ T-cells (Ki67+) and CD14+ cells (CD69+); a decrease of plasma LPS levels; a downregulation of TLR-7/8 expression.