A protective role of postbiotics like SCFAs has been found in the immune system modulation; particularly in regulation of neutrophil migration in acute inflammation in the colon. The benefits of microbially-fermented SCFAs are suggested to be mediated through the direct actions of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPRs) expressed on the gut epithelium, adipose tissues and immune cells, including monocytes and neutrophils [177]. Gut-derived SCFAs have been shown to influence the functions of innate immune cells as well as impact acquired immune components.