Additionally, phytochemicals including vitamins, micronutrients, and polyphenols present in fruits and vegetables have been shown a considerable importance in nutritional strategies for addressing the severity of viral respiratory diseases [65]. Some polyphenols influence microbiota composition and also have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-viral effects. The antiviral effect of polyphenols have been demonstrated to be mediated either by direct inhibitory effects on virus replication or through the induction of immunomodulatory and antioxidant responses [172]. In fact, oxidative stress has been implicated in lung tissue injury and epithelial barrier dysfunction in acute respiratory viral infections.