Iron Meat, liver, beans, nuts, dried fruit (e.g., apricots), wholegrains (e.g., brown rice), fortified cereals, most dark green leafy vegetables (spinach, kale) Essential for differentiation and growth of epithelial tissue
Forms highly-toxic hydroxyl radicals, thus involved in killing of bacteria by neutrophils; component of enzymes critical for functioning of immune cells (e.g., ribonucleotide reductase involved in DNA synthesis); involved in regulation of cytokine production and action; ↑ M2-like macrophage phenotype and negatively regulates M1 pro-inflammatory response
Role in IFN-γ production
Involved in regulation of cytokine production and action; required for generation of pathogen-killing ROS by neutrophils during oxidative burst
Important in differentiation and proliferation of T cells; helps to regulate ratio between T helper cells and cytotoxic T cells [85, 95, 138]