TNF-α is a pyrogen cytokine released in the acute phase of inflammation by macrophages and immune cells. It is well known that during influenzae and viral infections, the expression of TNF-α in lung epithelial cells is higher. In patients with COVID-19 and obesity, the IL-6 and TNF-α high serum levels are negatively associated with T-cells. On the contrary, T cell levels are restored by reducing concentrations of both IL-6 and TNF-α. These findings suggested that these cytokines could represent important targets of anti-COVID-19 therapies [48].