Immunonutrition has been based on the concept that malnutrition impairs immune function, used to modify inflammatory or immune responses. This concept may be applied to any situation in which a supply of specific nutrients is necessary to modify inflammatory or immune responses. Immunonutrients can promote patient recovery by inhibiting inflammatory responses and regulating immune function. Therefore, immunonutrition involves feeding enriched with various pharmaconutrients (arginine, glutamine, omega-3-fatty acids, ribonucleotides and certain trace elements and antioxidants compound, vitamins and minerals) to modulate inflammatory responses, the acquired immune response, and to improve patient outcomes [34].