body (mAb), 1A3, raised against the PDCoV nucleocapsid protein was prepared in our laboratory. Mouse anti-β-actin mAb, mouse anti-IFIT1 and rabbit anti-ANAPC7 polyclonal antibodies were bought from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat antimouse/rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated goat antimouse IgG was the product of Thermo Fisher Scientific.

2.2  Virus Inoculation
IPEC-J2 cells approaching ∼80% confluence were washed twice with sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS; 0.01 M, pH 7.4), and