such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases and viral replication.74 Currently, CDK9 has been demonstrated to be involved in the replication of multiple viruses, such as influenza A virus, dengue virus, human adenovirus, and human immunodeficiency virus.75 For example, CDK9 was found to interact with the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases of influenza A virus and facilitate its association with cellular RNA polymerase II, thereby promoting viral transcription.76 CDK9 was also shown to be critical for the transcription of viral early genes and the replication