PMC:7601109 / 80364-82322 JSONTXT

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T710","span":{"begin":748,"end":754},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T711","span":{"begin":768,"end":775},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T712","span":{"begin":832,"end":836},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T713","span":{"begin":863,"end":869},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T714","span":{"begin":1057,"end":1063},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T715","span":{"begin":1064,"end":1071},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T716","span":{"begin":1096,"end":1104},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T717","span":{"begin":1135,"end":1142},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T718","span":{"begin":1158,"end":1163},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T719","span":{"begin":1182,"end":1188},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T720","span":{"begin":1280,"end":1287},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T721","span":{"begin":1307,"end":1313},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T722","span":{"begin":1342,"end":1349},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T723","span":{"begin":1494,"end":1501},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T724","span":{"begin":1521,"end":1527},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T725","span":{"begin":1748,"end":1755},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T726","span":{"begin":1768,"end":1789},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T727","span":{"begin":1784,"end":1789},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A710","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T710","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma32558"},{"id":"A711","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T711","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82743"},{"id":"A712","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T712","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma256135"},{"id":"A713","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T713","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma32558"},{"id":"A714","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T714","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma32558"},{"id":"A715","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T715","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82743"},{"id":"A716","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T716","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050"},{"id":"A717","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T717","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257"},{"id":"A718","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T718","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67264"},{"id":"A719","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T719","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma32558"},{"id":"A720","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T720","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82743"},{"id":"A721","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T721","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma32558"},{"id":"A722","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T722","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma83365"},{"id":"A723","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T723","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82743"},{"id":"A724","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T724","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma32558"},{"id":"A725","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T725","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82743"},{"id":"A726","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T726","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9727"},{"id":"A727","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T727","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"}],"text":"In most studies, whole royal jelly, bee pollen, and propolis were used. However, these products appeared in different forms e.g., neat vs processed bee pollen [90], water [109] vs ethanolic extracts [110] of propolis, lyophilized [98,99] and crude [97] vs enzyme-treated [59,95,96,97] royal jelly. Both processed bee pollen [36] and pRJ [97,106] had better effects compared with crude bee pollen and royal jelly. In addition, a large group of constituents of royal jelly and propolis were used such as 10-HDA [54,106], CAPE [69,101,102,103], artepillin C, coumaric acid, kaempferide [70], boropinic acid, 4-geranyloxyferulic acid, 7-isopentenyloxycoumarin, and auraptene [69]. 10-HDA was the only element in royal jelly that was tested in skeletal muscle. It enhanced glucose uptake via AMPK phosphorylation [106]. It also restored body weight, restored skeletal muscle mass (only in males), and reduced fat mass (only in females) in aged rats undergoing chronic stress [54]. CAPE is one of the most investigated compounds in propolis: it enhanced skeletal muscle glucose uptake [111], inhibited cytokine and ROS production, prevented protein carbonylation, lipid peroxidation, and muscle proteolysis [101,102,103]. The effects of whole ethanolic extracts of propolis and CAPE on glucose uptake in skeletal muscle were comparable to those of insulin [69,109,111]. More, investigations of the effect of flavonoids and oxyprenylated phenylpropanoids abundant in ethanolic extracts of propolis on glucose uptake in skeletal muscle revealed superior effects of kaempferide [70], 4-geranyloxyferulic acid, and auraptene. Among 5 oxyprenylated phenylpropanoids derived from propolis, auraptene most potently activated GLUT4 translocation and accelerated glucose influx into skeletal muscle cells. Measurement of the incorporated amounts of these compounds into myotubes indicated that auraptene had the highest bioavailability among other effective compounds [69]."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T1424","span":{"begin":325,"end":327},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001313"},{"id":"T1425","span":{"begin":426,"end":427},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T1426","span":{"begin":729,"end":735},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473"},{"id":"T1427","span":{"begin":739,"end":754},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001134"},{"id":"T1428","span":{"begin":739,"end":754},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0014892"},{"id":"T1429","span":{"begin":739,"end":754},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000888"},{"id":"T1430","span":{"begin":854,"end":869},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001134"},{"id":"T1431","span":{"begin":854,"end":869},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0014892"},{"id":"T1432","span":{"begin":854,"end":869},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000888"},{"id":"T1433","span":{"begin":884,"end":889},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003101"},{"id":"T1434","span":{"begin":884,"end":889},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000970"},{"id":"T1435","span":{"begin":904,"end":907},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001013"},{"id":"T1436","span":{"begin":922,"end":929},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003100"},{"id":"T1437","span":{"begin":1048,"end":1063},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001134"},{"id":"T1438","span":{"begin":1048,"end":1063},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0014892"},{"id":"T1439","span":{"begin":1048,"end":1063},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000888"},{"id":"T1440","span":{"begin":1182,"end":1188},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001630"},{"id":"T1441","span":{"begin":1182,"end":1188},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005090"},{"id":"T1442","span":{"begin":1182,"end":1188},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000801"},{"id":"T1443","span":{"begin":1182,"end":1188},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001949"},{"id":"T1444","span":{"begin":1298,"end":1313},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001134"},{"id":"T1445","span":{"begin":1298,"end":1313},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0014892"},{"id":"T1446","span":{"begin":1298,"end":1313},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000888"},{"id":"T1447","span":{"begin":1342,"end":1349},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000009054"},{"id":"T1448","span":{"begin":1512,"end":1527},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001134"},{"id":"T1449","span":{"begin":1512,"end":1527},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0014892"},{"id":"T1450","span":{"begin":1512,"end":1527},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000888"},{"id":"T1451","span":{"begin":1702,"end":1711},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T1452","span":{"begin":1768,"end":1789},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000188"},{"id":"T1453","span":{"begin":1768,"end":1783},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000888"},{"id":"T1454","span":{"begin":1855,"end":1863},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002372"}],"text":"In most studies, whole royal jelly, bee pollen, and propolis were used. However, these products appeared in different forms e.g., neat vs processed bee pollen [90], water [109] vs ethanolic extracts [110] of propolis, lyophilized [98,99] and crude [97] vs enzyme-treated [59,95,96,97] royal jelly. Both processed bee pollen [36] and pRJ [97,106] had better effects compared with crude bee pollen and royal jelly. In addition, a large group of constituents of royal jelly and propolis were used such as 10-HDA [54,106], CAPE [69,101,102,103], artepillin C, coumaric acid, kaempferide [70], boropinic acid, 4-geranyloxyferulic acid, 7-isopentenyloxycoumarin, and auraptene [69]. 10-HDA was the only element in royal jelly that was tested in skeletal muscle. It enhanced glucose uptake via AMPK phosphorylation [106]. It also restored body weight, restored skeletal muscle mass (only in males), and reduced fat mass (only in females) in aged rats undergoing chronic stress [54]. CAPE is one of the most investigated compounds in propolis: it enhanced skeletal muscle glucose uptake [111], inhibited cytokine and ROS production, prevented protein carbonylation, lipid peroxidation, and muscle proteolysis [101,102,103]. The effects of whole ethanolic extracts of propolis and CAPE on glucose uptake in skeletal muscle were comparable to those of insulin [69,109,111]. More, investigations of the effect of flavonoids and oxyprenylated phenylpropanoids abundant in ethanolic extracts of propolis on glucose uptake in skeletal muscle revealed superior effects of kaempferide [70], 4-geranyloxyferulic acid, and auraptene. Among 5 oxyprenylated phenylpropanoids derived from propolis, auraptene most potently activated GLUT4 translocation and accelerated glucose influx into skeletal muscle cells. Measurement of the incorporated amounts of these compounds into myotubes indicated that auraptene had the highest bioavailability among other effective compounds [69]."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T77098","span":{"begin":23,"end":34},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T6628","span":{"begin":165,"end":170},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T86300","span":{"begin":285,"end":296},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T77049","span":{"begin":400,"end":411},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T75059","span":{"begin":434,"end":439},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T85399","span":{"begin":459,"end":470},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T65480","span":{"begin":505,"end":508},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T89308","span":{"begin":519,"end":523},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T68097","span":{"begin":556,"end":569},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T83356","span":{"begin":565,"end":569},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T51798","span":{"begin":571,"end":582},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T18820","span":{"begin":599,"end":603},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T34216","span":{"begin":625,"end":629},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T27834","span":{"begin":661,"end":670},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T8702","span":{"begin":680,"end":683},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T23108","span":{"begin":708,"end":719},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T69523","span":{"begin":768,"end":775},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T14015","span":{"begin":976,"end":980},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T73779","span":{"begin":1064,"end":1071},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T29149","span":{"begin":1109,"end":1112},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T25600","span":{"begin":1135,"end":1142},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T53613","span":{"begin":1158,"end":1163},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T31751","span":{"begin":1272,"end":1276},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T66410","span":{"begin":1280,"end":1287},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T73100","span":{"begin":1342,"end":1349},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T1240","span":{"begin":1402,"end":1412},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T332","span":{"begin":1431,"end":1447},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T94576","span":{"begin":1494,"end":1501},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T94354","span":{"begin":1557,"end":1568},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T4848","span":{"begin":1595,"end":1599},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T65701","span":{"begin":1605,"end":1614},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T51105","span":{"begin":1638,"end":1654},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T91875","span":{"begin":1678,"end":1687},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T76597","span":{"begin":1748,"end":1755},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T8839","span":{"begin":1879,"end":1888},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A42841","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T77098","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_78665"},{"id":"A7689","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T6628","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377"},{"id":"A39019","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T86300","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_78665"},{"id":"A57319","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T77049","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_78665"},{"id":"A53735","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T75059","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433"},{"id":"A64247","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T85399","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_78665"},{"id":"A68002","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T65480","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17314"},{"id":"A44565","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T89308","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_8062"},{"id":"A19798","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T68097","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23401"},{"id":"A73816","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T83356","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527"},{"id":"A13643","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T51798","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_58925"},{"id":"A55893","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T51798","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6099"},{"id":"A94278","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T18820","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527"},{"id":"A74438","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T34216","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527"},{"id":"A17854","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T27834","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_134355"},{"id":"A6591","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T8702","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17314"},{"id":"A68321","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T23108","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_78665"},{"id":"A48070","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T69523","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17234"},{"id":"A31619","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T69523","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_4167"},{"id":"A11875","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T14015","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_8062"},{"id":"A7495","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T73779","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17234"},{"id":"A893","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T73779","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_4167"},{"id":"A54372","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T29149","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26523"},{"id":"A1095","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T25600","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080"},{"id":"A25729","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T53613","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18059"},{"id":"A47705","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T31751","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_8062"},{"id":"A41950","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T66410","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17234"},{"id":"A64231","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T66410","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_4167"},{"id":"A18101","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T73100","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_145810"},{"id":"A83411","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T1240","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_47916"},{"id":"A69394","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T1240","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_72544"},{"id":"A92128","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T332","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26004"},{"id":"A71126","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T94576","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17234"},{"id":"A82600","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T94576","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_4167"},{"id":"A9035","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T94354","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_58925"},{"id":"A82493","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T94354","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6099"},{"id":"A56825","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T4848","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527"},{"id":"A58526","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T65701","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_134355"},{"id":"A78880","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T51105","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26004"},{"id":"A56318","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T91875","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_134355"},{"id":"A97360","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T76597","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17234"},{"id":"A33597","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T76597","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_4167"},{"id":"A73740","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T8839","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_134355"}],"text":"In most studies, whole royal jelly, bee pollen, and propolis were used. However, these products appeared in different forms e.g., neat vs processed bee pollen [90], water [109] vs ethanolic extracts [110] of propolis, lyophilized [98,99] and crude [97] vs enzyme-treated [59,95,96,97] royal jelly. Both processed bee pollen [36] and pRJ [97,106] had better effects compared with crude bee pollen and royal jelly. In addition, a large group of constituents of royal jelly and propolis were used such as 10-HDA [54,106], CAPE [69,101,102,103], artepillin C, coumaric acid, kaempferide [70], boropinic acid, 4-geranyloxyferulic acid, 7-isopentenyloxycoumarin, and auraptene [69]. 10-HDA was the only element in royal jelly that was tested in skeletal muscle. It enhanced glucose uptake via AMPK phosphorylation [106]. It also restored body weight, restored skeletal muscle mass (only in males), and reduced fat mass (only in females) in aged rats undergoing chronic stress [54]. CAPE is one of the most investigated compounds in propolis: it enhanced skeletal muscle glucose uptake [111], inhibited cytokine and ROS production, prevented protein carbonylation, lipid peroxidation, and muscle proteolysis [101,102,103]. The effects of whole ethanolic extracts of propolis and CAPE on glucose uptake in skeletal muscle were comparable to those of insulin [69,109,111]. More, investigations of the effect of flavonoids and oxyprenylated phenylpropanoids abundant in ethanolic extracts of propolis on glucose uptake in skeletal muscle revealed superior effects of kaempferide [70], 4-geranyloxyferulic acid, and auraptene. Among 5 oxyprenylated phenylpropanoids derived from propolis, auraptene most potently activated GLUT4 translocation and accelerated glucose influx into skeletal muscle cells. Measurement of the incorporated amounts of these compounds into myotubes indicated that auraptene had the highest bioavailability among other effective compounds [69]."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T376","span":{"begin":768,"end":782},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046323"},{"id":"T377","span":{"begin":776,"end":782},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098739"},{"id":"T378","span":{"begin":776,"end":782},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098657"},{"id":"T379","span":{"begin":787,"end":791},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050405"},{"id":"T380","span":{"begin":787,"end":791},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0047322"},{"id":"T381","span":{"begin":787,"end":791},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004691"},{"id":"T382","span":{"begin":792,"end":807},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016310"},{"id":"T383","span":{"begin":1064,"end":1078},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046323"},{"id":"T384","span":{"begin":1072,"end":1078},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098739"},{"id":"T385","span":{"begin":1072,"end":1078},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098657"},{"id":"T386","span":{"begin":1189,"end":1200},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006508"},{"id":"T387","span":{"begin":1280,"end":1294},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046323"},{"id":"T388","span":{"begin":1288,"end":1294},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098739"},{"id":"T389","span":{"begin":1288,"end":1294},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098657"},{"id":"T390","span":{"begin":1494,"end":1508},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046323"},{"id":"T391","span":{"begin":1502,"end":1508},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098739"},{"id":"T392","span":{"begin":1502,"end":1508},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098657"}],"text":"In most studies, whole royal jelly, bee pollen, and propolis were used. However, these products appeared in different forms e.g., neat vs processed bee pollen [90], water [109] vs ethanolic extracts [110] of propolis, lyophilized [98,99] and crude [97] vs enzyme-treated [59,95,96,97] royal jelly. Both processed bee pollen [36] and pRJ [97,106] had better effects compared with crude bee pollen and royal jelly. In addition, a large group of constituents of royal jelly and propolis were used such as 10-HDA [54,106], CAPE [69,101,102,103], artepillin C, coumaric acid, kaempferide [70], boropinic acid, 4-geranyloxyferulic acid, 7-isopentenyloxycoumarin, and auraptene [69]. 10-HDA was the only element in royal jelly that was tested in skeletal muscle. It enhanced glucose uptake via AMPK phosphorylation [106]. It also restored body weight, restored skeletal muscle mass (only in males), and reduced fat mass (only in females) in aged rats undergoing chronic stress [54]. CAPE is one of the most investigated compounds in propolis: it enhanced skeletal muscle glucose uptake [111], inhibited cytokine and ROS production, prevented protein carbonylation, lipid peroxidation, and muscle proteolysis [101,102,103]. The effects of whole ethanolic extracts of propolis and CAPE on glucose uptake in skeletal muscle were comparable to those of insulin [69,109,111]. More, investigations of the effect of flavonoids and oxyprenylated phenylpropanoids abundant in ethanolic extracts of propolis on glucose uptake in skeletal muscle revealed superior effects of kaempferide [70], 4-geranyloxyferulic acid, and auraptene. Among 5 oxyprenylated phenylpropanoids derived from propolis, auraptene most potently activated GLUT4 translocation and accelerated glucose influx into skeletal muscle cells. Measurement of the incorporated amounts of these compounds into myotubes indicated that auraptene had the highest bioavailability among other effective compounds [69]."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T471","span":{"begin":0,"end":71},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T472","span":{"begin":72,"end":297},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T473","span":{"begin":298,"end":412},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T474","span":{"begin":413,"end":676},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T475","span":{"begin":677,"end":755},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T476","span":{"begin":756,"end":814},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T477","span":{"begin":815,"end":975},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T478","span":{"begin":976,"end":1215},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T479","span":{"begin":1216,"end":1363},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T480","span":{"begin":1364,"end":1615},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T481","span":{"begin":1616,"end":1790},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T482","span":{"begin":1791,"end":1958},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"In most studies, whole royal jelly, bee pollen, and propolis were used. However, these products appeared in different forms e.g., neat vs processed bee pollen [90], water [109] vs ethanolic extracts [110] of propolis, lyophilized [98,99] and crude [97] vs enzyme-treated [59,95,96,97] royal jelly. Both processed bee pollen [36] and pRJ [97,106] had better effects compared with crude bee pollen and royal jelly. In addition, a large group of constituents of royal jelly and propolis were used such as 10-HDA [54,106], CAPE [69,101,102,103], artepillin C, coumaric acid, kaempferide [70], boropinic acid, 4-geranyloxyferulic acid, 7-isopentenyloxycoumarin, and auraptene [69]. 10-HDA was the only element in royal jelly that was tested in skeletal muscle. It enhanced glucose uptake via AMPK phosphorylation [106]. It also restored body weight, restored skeletal muscle mass (only in males), and reduced fat mass (only in females) in aged rats undergoing chronic stress [54]. CAPE is one of the most investigated compounds in propolis: it enhanced skeletal muscle glucose uptake [111], inhibited cytokine and ROS production, prevented protein carbonylation, lipid peroxidation, and muscle proteolysis [101,102,103]. The effects of whole ethanolic extracts of propolis and CAPE on glucose uptake in skeletal muscle were comparable to those of insulin [69,109,111]. More, investigations of the effect of flavonoids and oxyprenylated phenylpropanoids abundant in ethanolic extracts of propolis on glucose uptake in skeletal muscle revealed superior effects of kaempferide [70], 4-geranyloxyferulic acid, and auraptene. Among 5 oxyprenylated phenylpropanoids derived from propolis, auraptene most potently activated GLUT4 translocation and accelerated glucose influx into skeletal muscle cells. Measurement of the incorporated amounts of these compounds into myotubes indicated that auraptene had the highest bioavailability among other effective compounds [69]."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"1802","span":{"begin":787,"end":791},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1803","span":{"begin":1342,"end":1349},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1804","span":{"begin":1712,"end":1717},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1805","span":{"begin":904,"end":907},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1806","span":{"begin":939,"end":943},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1807","span":{"begin":165,"end":170},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1808","span":{"begin":519,"end":523},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1809","span":{"begin":542,"end":554},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1810","span":{"begin":556,"end":569},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1811","span":{"begin":571,"end":582},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1812","span":{"begin":589,"end":603},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1813","span":{"begin":605,"end":629},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1814","span":{"begin":631,"end":655},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1815","span":{"begin":661,"end":670},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1816","span":{"begin":768,"end":775},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1817","span":{"begin":976,"end":980},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1818","span":{"begin":1064,"end":1071},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1819","span":{"begin":1109,"end":1112},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1820","span":{"begin":1280,"end":1287},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1821","span":{"begin":1402,"end":1412},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1822","span":{"begin":1431,"end":1447},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1823","span":{"begin":1494,"end":1501},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1824","span":{"begin":1557,"end":1568},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1825","span":{"begin":1575,"end":1599},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1826","span":{"begin":1605,"end":1614},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1827","span":{"begin":1624,"end":1637},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1828","span":{"begin":1638,"end":1654},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1829","span":{"begin":1678,"end":1687},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1830","span":{"begin":1748,"end":1755},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1831","span":{"begin":1879,"end":1888},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1802","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1802","obj":"Gene:78975"},{"id":"A1803","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1803","obj":"Gene:3630"},{"id":"A1804","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1804","obj":"Gene:25139"},{"id":"A1805","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1805","obj":"Gene:83720"},{"id":"A1806","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1806","obj":"Tax:10116"},{"id":"A1807","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1807","obj":"MESH:D014867"},{"id":"A1808","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1808","obj":"MESH:C055494"},{"id":"A1809","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1809","obj":"MESH:C102259"},{"id":"A1810","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1810","obj":"MESH:D003373"},{"id":"A1811","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1811","obj":"MESH:C449720"},{"id":"A1813","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1813","obj":"MESH:C552732"},{"id":"A1814","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1814","obj":"MESH:C461443"},{"id":"A1815","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1815","obj":"MESH:C105832"},{"id":"A1816","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1816","obj":"MESH:D005947"},{"id":"A1817","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1817","obj":"MESH:C055494"},{"id":"A1818","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1818","obj":"MESH:D005947"},{"id":"A1819","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1819","obj":"MESH:D017382"},{"id":"A1820","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1820","obj":"MESH:D005947"},{"id":"A1821","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1821","obj":"MESH:D005419"},{"id":"A1823","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1823","obj":"MESH:D005947"},{"id":"A1824","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1824","obj":"MESH:C449720"},{"id":"A1825","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1825","obj":"MESH:C552732"},{"id":"A1826","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1826","obj":"MESH:C105832"},{"id":"A1829","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1829","obj":"MESH:C105832"},{"id":"A1830","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1830","obj":"MESH:D005947"},{"id":"A1831","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1831","obj":"MESH:C105832"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}],"text":"In most studies, whole royal jelly, bee pollen, and propolis were used. However, these products appeared in different forms e.g., neat vs processed bee pollen [90], water [109] vs ethanolic extracts [110] of propolis, lyophilized [98,99] and crude [97] vs enzyme-treated [59,95,96,97] royal jelly. Both processed bee pollen [36] and pRJ [97,106] had better effects compared with crude bee pollen and royal jelly. In addition, a large group of constituents of royal jelly and propolis were used such as 10-HDA [54,106], CAPE [69,101,102,103], artepillin C, coumaric acid, kaempferide [70], boropinic acid, 4-geranyloxyferulic acid, 7-isopentenyloxycoumarin, and auraptene [69]. 10-HDA was the only element in royal jelly that was tested in skeletal muscle. It enhanced glucose uptake via AMPK phosphorylation [106]. It also restored body weight, restored skeletal muscle mass (only in males), and reduced fat mass (only in females) in aged rats undergoing chronic stress [54]. CAPE is one of the most investigated compounds in propolis: it enhanced skeletal muscle glucose uptake [111], inhibited cytokine and ROS production, prevented protein carbonylation, lipid peroxidation, and muscle proteolysis [101,102,103]. The effects of whole ethanolic extracts of propolis and CAPE on glucose uptake in skeletal muscle were comparable to those of insulin [69,109,111]. More, investigations of the effect of flavonoids and oxyprenylated phenylpropanoids abundant in ethanolic extracts of propolis on glucose uptake in skeletal muscle revealed superior effects of kaempferide [70], 4-geranyloxyferulic acid, and auraptene. Among 5 oxyprenylated phenylpropanoids derived from propolis, auraptene most potently activated GLUT4 translocation and accelerated glucose influx into skeletal muscle cells. Measurement of the incorporated amounts of these compounds into myotubes indicated that auraptene had the highest bioavailability among other effective compounds [69]."}