Aging is associated with higher onset of atherosclerosis and restenosis, which involve vascular and microvascular damages that result from hyperproliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) [155]. Muscle unloading (e.g., in sedentary lifestyle) involves chronic neuromuscular inactivity, which results in reductions in capillary number, luminal diameter, and capillary volume as well as heightened production of anti-angiogenic factors, such as p53 and TSP-1 in skeletal muscle [110]. Microvascular alterations and impaired nitric oxide (NO) production are key causes of decreased blood flow to the skeletal muscle. Poor muscular blood supply induces muscle wasting via a mechanism that entails impaired glucose metabolism and suboptimal protein anabolism [156,157]. In addition, ischemic injury in skeletal muscle is associated with high ROS release from polymorphonuclear leukocytes, which infiltrate muscle tissues. Free radicals alter cellular structure and function by attacking lipid and protein biomolecules that exist in the structure of biological membranes, enzymes, and transport proteins [102]. Therefore, improving vascularization and blood supply to skeletal muscle is a possible mechanism for the prevention of muscle wasting.