Neuronal denervation is a key factor that contributes to skeletal muscle loss, and it is related to a plethora of pathological conditions [3,149]. Experimental induction of oxidative stress and inflammation results in skeletal muscle atrophy through induction of denervation e.g., of sciatic nerve [150]. Injuries of peripheral nerves (e.g., sciatic nerve) interrupt mechanical transmission and microvasculation of the nerve and induce reperfusion. Reperfusion involves pooling of oxygen and nutrients promoting high emission of free radicals, which attack protein and lipid contents surrounding the injury site resulting in excessive tissue loss [113]. Likewise, alterations in gut microbiome in aged rats are associated with alterations in serum level of vitamin B12 and fat metabolism as well as reductions in the gastrocnemius muscle mass and sciatic response amplitude [151]. Furthermore, dysregulation of insulin-mediated GLUT4 activity in certain areas of the central nervous system impairs neuronal metabolism and plasticity [69]. Meanwhile, activation of PGC-1α, a core regulator of mitochondrial content and oxidative metabolism, increases muscle fiber resistance to denervation and atrophy through downregulation of two ubiquitin-ligases involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway: MuRF1 and Atrogin-1 [1,152].