Imbalance between muscle protein synthesis and degradation is associated with low protein intake and altered efficiency of the GI tract in old age, which triggers skeletal muscle loss and poor physical performance [36,40], given that proteins are the main building blocks of muscle myofibers. Moreover, transmembrane proteins and micro-peptides (e.g., myomixer and myomaker/Tmem8c) contribute to the formation of myofibers by promoting myoblast fusion via a mechanism that involves appropriate localization of Tmem8c at the plasma membrane of myoblasts allowing trafficking related to palmitoylation of C-terminal cysteine residues and C-terminal leucine [17]. Amino acid supplements (e.g., leucine, a master dietary regulator of muscle protein turnover, and its metabolite β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate) and early refeeding with high protein diet (especially fast digestive proteins) can preserve muscle mass and function, revert sarcopenia, and enhance mobility and quality of life (QoL) by correcting age-related nutritional deficiencies, muscle protein turnover, and immune dysregulation—these effects are even greater when combined with other nutrients like vitamin D or omega 3 fatty acids as well as with physical exercise [6,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138].