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{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/7601109","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"7601109","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/7601109","text":"AMPK, a heterotrimeric complex that consists of a catalytic subunit and two regulatory subunits, is an intracellular energy sensor that regulates glucose and lipid metabolism. It gets activated when cellular energy is depleted through allosteric binding of AMP or phosphorylation by AMPK kinase at Thr172 of the catalytic subunit by AMPK kinase. Upregulated AMPK activates signaling pathways that generate ATP from glucose and fatty acid oxidation, and it simultaneously blocks signaling that contributes to the synthesis of cholesterol, fatty acid, and triacylglycerol [111]. In addition, AMPK masters numerous signaling cascades such as Forkhead Box O transcription factor (FOXO) and AKT/mTOR, which regulate the expression of genes associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, autophagy, metabolism, and apoptosis 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