Royal jelly enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes and suppressed lipid peroxidation in a d-galactose induced model of aging [95]. Two weeks of propolis treatment in rats undergoing hind limb unloading significantly reduced nuclear ROS levels and numbers of apoptotic endothelial cells in the soleus muscle to levels similar to normal rats [110]. Moreover, propolis significantly suppressed MDA activity in skeletal muscle and increased liver levels of SOD as well as gastrocnemius muscle levels of SOD, glutathione peroxidase and catalase in rats on eccentric exercise training (70% VO2max treadmill running exercise for 60 min) compared with rats receiving exercise alone or no treatment [109]. In addition, intraperitoneal pre-administration of CAPE (60 min before induction of ischemia reperfusion) significantly ameliorated the effects associated with high ROS levels, which accompany acute ischemia such as protein peroxidation and ATP catabolism in the gastrocnemius muscle [102].