ory and oxidative conditions that develop with aging [1,2]—described as inflammaging. Both inflammatory mediators and free radicals, which are highly expressed in older seniors and in patients with chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cause remarkable shrinkage of fast-twitch type II fibers promoting their transformation into the slow-twitch type I fibers [1,3,4,5].
Research indicates that muscle wasting may develop after adolescence (at the beginning of the third decade of life) as a result of sedentary lifestyle and improper diet (low protein/high fat/low fiber) [