PMC:7601109 / 17779-19032 JSONTXT

{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/7601109","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"7601109","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/7601109","text":"Essential/volatile oils are major bioactive constituents of propolis, and they contribute to its special aroma [79,80]. They also, partially, contribute to the strong antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities of propolis [79,81,82]. The volatile fraction of propolis varies in each sample even within a single country due to plant source and climate [79]. For instance, cumulative knowledge shows that volatile oils in propolis found in countries surrounding the Mediterranean depend mainly on the botanical origin. They primarily comprise poplar-derived compounds (e.g., benzoic acid and its esters and oxygenated sesquiterpene β-eudesmol) and conifer-derived compounds such as the hydrocarbon monoterpene α-pinene [80]. Interestingly, the number of volatile compounds derived from a single type of propolis is also reported to vary according to extraction techniques. In this regard, reports from China show that traditional hydrodistillation, steam-distillation extraction, and dynamic headspace sampling could characterize around 12, 40 and 70 type of volatile components of propolis, respectively [79]. Moreover, the level of antimicrobial activity of volatile compounds of propolis greatly depends on their extent of purification 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