PMC:7601109 / 14494-20415
Annnotations
LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | fma_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T99561 | 2169-2180 | Body_part | denotes | fatty acids | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82738 |
LitCovid-PD-MONDO
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | mondo_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T45 | 601-606 | Disease | denotes | hives | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005492 |
LitCovid-PD-CLO
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T25135 | 65-75 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | Activities |
| T40425 | 113-114 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T81795 | 158-159 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T20768 | 530-531 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T38854 | 625-626 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T71056 | 645-646 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T1706 | 769-779 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | activities |
| T26250 | 993-1001 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_2 | denotes | bacteria |
| T30979 | 1184-1187 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0003417 | denotes | g/g |
| T46507 | 1231-1232 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T46727 | 2284-2287 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
| T23081 | 2302-2309 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009985 | denotes | focused |
| T78989 | 2329-2339 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | activities |
| T90348 | 2514-2515 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T23908 | 2774-2775 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T89614 | 3265-3275 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | activities |
| T12661 | 3495-3505 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | activities |
| T8000 | 3598-3599 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T43299 | 4080-4081 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T78931 | 4442-4450 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | activity |
| T96597 | 4599-4600 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T39287 | 4826-4827 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T60347 | 4887-4895 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | activity |
| T41427 | 4958-4968 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | activities |
| T33412 | 4997-4998 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T98959 | 5400-5401 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T49007 | 5426-5429 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
LitCovid-PD-CHEBI
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | chebi_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T204 | 122-125 | Chemical | denotes | wax | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73702 |
| T205 | 160-167 | Chemical | denotes | mixture | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60004 |
| T206 | 200-203 | Chemical | denotes | wax | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73702 |
| T207 | 930-946 | Chemical | denotes | phenylpropanoids | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26004 |
| T208 | 947-968 | Chemical | denotes | secondary metabolites | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25212 |
| T209 | 1051-1055 | Chemical | denotes | acid | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527 |
| T210 | 1077-1081 | Chemical | denotes | acid | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527 |
| T211 | 1087-1096 | Chemical | denotes | auraptene | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_134355 |
| T212 | 1239-1244 | Chemical | denotes | group | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433 |
| T213 | 1360-1370 | Chemical | denotes | flavanones | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28863 |
| T214 | 1402-1410 | Chemical | denotes | flavones | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24043 |
| T215 | 1440-1449 | Chemical | denotes | flavonols | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28802 |
| T216 | 1478-1485 | Chemical | denotes | tannins | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26848 |
| T217 | 1493-1504 | Chemical | denotes | gallic acid | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30778 |
| T218 | 1500-1504 | Chemical | denotes | acid | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527 |
| T219 | 1516-1525 | Chemical | denotes | catechins | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23053 |
| T220 | 1544-1552 | Chemical | denotes | catechin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23053 |
| T221 | 1567-1579 | Chemical | denotes | caffeic acid | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36281 |
| T222 | 1575-1579 | Chemical | denotes | acid | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527 |
| T223 | 1588-1594 | Chemical | denotes | esters | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35701 |
| T224 | 1609-1621 | Chemical | denotes | caffeic acid | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36281 |
| T225 | 1617-1621 | Chemical | denotes | acid | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527 |
| T226 | 1656-1666 | Chemical | denotes | flavonoids | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_47916|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_72544 |
| T228 | 1741-1754 | Chemical | denotes | coumaric acid | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23401 |
| T229 | 1750-1754 | Chemical | denotes | acid | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527 |
| T230 | 1772-1783 | Chemical | denotes | kaempferide | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_58925|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6099 |
| T232 | 1845-1855 | Chemical | denotes | polyphenol | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26195 |
| T233 | 1872-1877 | Chemical | denotes | acids | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527 |
| T234 | 1882-1897 | Chemical | denotes | aromatic esters | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_62732 |
| T235 | 1891-1897 | Chemical | denotes | esters | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35701 |
| T236 | 1909-1918 | Chemical | denotes | aldehydes | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17478 |
| T237 | 1920-1930 | Chemical | denotes | terpenoids | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26873 |
| T238 | 1932-1939 | Chemical | denotes | ketones | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17087 |
| T239 | 1975-1983 | Chemical | denotes | vitamins | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229 |
| T240 | 2005-2015 | Chemical | denotes | riboflavin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17015|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_57986 |
| T242 | 2017-2019 | Chemical | denotes | B2 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_51707 |
| T243 | 2022-2032 | Chemical | denotes | pyridoxine | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16709 |
| T244 | 2039-2052 | Chemical | denotes | ascorbic acid | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22652|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29073 |
| T246 | 2048-2052 | Chemical | denotes | acid | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527 |
| T247 | 2058-2068 | Chemical | denotes | tocopherol | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27013 |
| T248 | 2075-2083 | Chemical | denotes | minerals | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46662 |
| T249 | 2091-2098 | Chemical | denotes | calcium | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22984|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29320 |
| T251 | 2100-2109 | Chemical | denotes | potassium | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26216 |
| T252 | 2111-2120 | Chemical | denotes | magnesium | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25107 |
| T253 | 2122-2126 | Chemical | denotes | iron | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18248 |
| T254 | 2128-2134 | Chemical | denotes | sodium | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26708 |
| T255 | 2136-2142 | Chemical | denotes | barium | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_32594|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_32595 |
| T257 | 2144-2158 | Chemical | denotes | essential oils | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_83630 |
| T258 | 2160-2167 | Chemical | denotes | alcohol | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30879 |
| T260 | 2169-2180 | Chemical | denotes | fatty acids | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35366 |
| T261 | 2175-2180 | Chemical | denotes | acids | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527 |
| T262 | 2184-2192 | Chemical | denotes | steroids | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35341 |
| T263 | 2261-2265 | Chemical | denotes | drug | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888 |
| T264 | 2493-2509 | Chemical | denotes | dihydroxyflavone | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38686 |
| T265 | 2516-2525 | Chemical | denotes | flavonoid | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_47916|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_72544 |
| T267 | 2670-2681 | Chemical | denotes | antioxidant | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22586 |
| T268 | 2737-2765 | Chemical | denotes | Caffeic acid phenethyl ester | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_8062 |
| T269 | 2737-2749 | Chemical | denotes | Caffeic acid | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16433|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17395 |
| T271 | 2745-2749 | Chemical | denotes | acid | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527 |
| T272 | 2760-2765 | Chemical | denotes | ester | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35701 |
| T273 | 2767-2771 | Chemical | denotes | CAPE | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_8062 |
| T274 | 2790-2810 | Chemical | denotes | hydroxycinnamic acid | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23401|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24689 |
| T276 | 2806-2810 | Chemical | denotes | acid | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527 |
| T277 | 2827-2834 | Chemical | denotes | oxidant | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63248 |
| T278 | 2873-2882 | Chemical | denotes | antiviral | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587 |
| T279 | 2939-2961 | Chemical | denotes | 5,7-dihydroxyflavanone | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28157 |
| T280 | 2943-2961 | Chemical | denotes | dihydroxyflavanone | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38749 |
| T281 | 2983-2992 | Chemical | denotes | flavonoid | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_47916|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_72544 |
| T283 | 3105-3116 | Chemical | denotes | pinocembrin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28157 |
| T284 | 3215-3226 | Chemical | denotes | antioxidant | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22586 |
| T285 | 3228-3241 | Chemical | denotes | antimicrobial | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33281 |
| T286 | 3295-3308 | Chemical | denotes | volatile oils | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_83630 |
| T287 | 3390-3395 | Chemical | denotes | aroma | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48318 |
| T288 | 3452-3465 | Chemical | denotes | antimicrobial | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33281 |
| T289 | 3467-3478 | Chemical | denotes | antioxidant | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22586 |
| T290 | 3699-3712 | Chemical | denotes | volatile oils | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_83630 |
| T291 | 3869-3881 | Chemical | denotes | benzoic acid | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30746 |
| T292 | 3877-3881 | Chemical | denotes | acid | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527 |
| T293 | 3890-3896 | Chemical | denotes | esters | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35701 |
| T294 | 3912-3925 | Chemical | denotes | sesquiterpene | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35189 |
| T295 | 3980-3991 | Chemical | denotes | hydrocarbon | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24632 |
| T296 | 3992-4003 | Chemical | denotes | monoterpene | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35187 |
| T297 | 4006-4012 | Chemical | denotes | pinene | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17187 |
| T298 | 4428-4441 | Chemical | denotes | antimicrobial | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33281 |
| T299 | 4672-4685 | Chemical | denotes | antimicrobial | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33281 |
| T300 | 4687-4696 | Chemical | denotes | antiviral | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587 |
| T301 | 4698-4708 | Chemical | denotes | antifungal | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35718 |
| T302 | 4710-4721 | Chemical | denotes | antioxidant | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22586 |
| T303 | 4742-4756 | Chemical | denotes | antineoplastic | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35610 |
| T304 | 4773-4783 | Chemical | denotes | cytostatic | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35610 |
| T305 | 4844-4861 | Chemical | denotes | food preservative | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_65255 |
| T306 | 4873-4886 | Chemical | denotes | antimicrobial | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33281 |
| T307 | 5200-5208 | Chemical | denotes | solvents | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46787 |
| T308 | 5214-5221 | Chemical | denotes | ethanol | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236 |
| T309 | 5223-5231 | Chemical | denotes | glycerol | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17754 |
| T310 | 5233-5243 | Chemical | denotes | chloroform | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35255 |
| T311 | 5245-5250 | Chemical | denotes | ether | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25698 |
| T312 | 5255-5262 | Chemical | denotes | acetone | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15347 |
| T313 | 5266-5271 | Chemical | denotes | water | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377 |
| T314 | 5387-5392 | Chemical | denotes | water | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377 |
| T315 | 5408-5415 | Chemical | denotes | solvent | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46787 |
| T316 | 5449-5454 | Chemical | denotes | water | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377 |
| T317 | 5476-5481 | Chemical | denotes | water | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377 |
| T318 | 5541-5548 | Chemical | denotes | ethanol | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236 |
| T319 | 5606-5611 | Chemical | denotes | aroma | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48318 |
| T320 | 5689-5694 | Chemical | denotes | acids | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527 |
| T321 | 5714-5720 | Chemical | denotes | methyl | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_32875|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29309 |
| T323 | 5778-5784 | Chemical | denotes | benzyl | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22744 |
| T324 | 5785-5795 | Chemical | denotes | salicylate | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30762 |
| T325 | 5800-5816 | Chemical | denotes | benzyl cinnamate | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_146174 |
| T326 | 5800-5806 | Chemical | denotes | benzyl | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22744 |
| T327 | 5807-5816 | Chemical | denotes | cinnamate | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23248 |
LitCovid-PD-GO-BP
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T58157 | 184-194 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046903 | denotes | secretions |
LitCovid-PD-HP
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | hp_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T21 | 601-606 | Phenotype | denotes | hives | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001025 |
LitCovid-sentences
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T88 | 0-4 | Sentence | denotes | 2.2. |
| T89 | 5-14 | Sentence | denotes | Propolis: |
| T90 | 15-75 | Sentence | denotes | Its Constituents, Biological, and Pharmacological Activities |
| T91 | 76-285 | Sentence | denotes | Propolis, also known as bee glue, is a sticky wax-like substance that constitutes a mixture of bee salivary secretions, bee wax, and resinous sap occurring in the bark and leaf-buds of specific plants [37,65]. |
| T92 | 286-373 | Sentence | denotes | It comes in green, red, brown, or black colors based on the collected local flora [66]. |
| T93 | 374-517 | Sentence | denotes | The word propolis comprises two Greek words “pro” and “polis”, which in order mean “in front of or at the entrance to” and “community or city”. |
| T94 | 518-612 | Sentence | denotes | Propolis is a hive-defensive substance, which bees use to protect and repair their hives [67]. |
| T95 | 613-724 | Sentence | denotes | Propolis is a unique product of a complex composition that comprises more than 420 chemical substances [37,68]. |
| T96 | 725-895 | Sentence | denotes | Nonetheless, its composition and biological activities vary considerably depending on its botanical and geographical origins as well as the time of harvesting [38,65,67]. |
| T97 | 896-1097 | Sentence | denotes | Propolis is rich in oxyprenylated phenylpropanoids—secondary metabolites from plants, fungi, and bacteria [69]—such as 7-isopentenyloxucoumarin, boropinic acid, 4-geranyloxyferulic acid, and auraptene. |
| T98 | 1098-1164 | Sentence | denotes | The last two exist in raw Italian propolis at high concentrations: |
| T99 | 1165-1218 | Sentence | denotes | 107.12 and 145.37 μg/g of dry propolis, respectively. |
| T100 | 1219-1638 | Sentence | denotes | Flavonoids, a large group of phenolic compounds, are abundant in Italian propolis, and they are differentiated into several groups including flavanones (e.g., naringenine, 4.4 mg/g), flavones (e.g., apigenine, 1.7 mg/g), flavonols (e.g., galaning, 0.9 mg/g), tannins (e.g., gallic acid 8.4 mg/g), catechins (expressed as (+)-catechin 0.4 mg/g, and caffeic acid and its esters (expressed as caffeic acid, 9.2 mg/g) [69]. |
| T101 | 1639-1801 | Sentence | denotes | The most profuse flavonoids in ethanolic extracts of Brazilian propolis are artepillin C (38.6 mg/g), coumaric acid (10.6 mg/g), and kaempferide (12.6 mg/g) [70]. |
| T102 | 1802-2235 | Sentence | denotes | Key other constituents of propolis include polyphenol (e.g., phenolic acids and aromatic esters), phenolic aldehydes, terpenoids, ketones, enzymes (e.g., α- and β-amylase), vitamins (e.g., thiamin (B1), riboflavin (B2), pyridoxine (B6), ascorbic acid (C), tocopherol (E)), minerals (e.g., calcium, potassium, magnesium, iron, sodium, barium) essential oils, alcohol, fatty acids, β-steroids, and many other elements [37,38,67,68,71]. |
| T103 | 2236-2394 | Sentence | denotes | The attention of several drug targeting studies has recently been focused on the therapeutic activities of individual bioactive compounds in propolis [65,68]. |
| T104 | 2395-2479 | Sentence | denotes | Flavonoids comprise the majority of mostly studies bioactive substances in propolis. |
| T105 | 2480-2637 | Sentence | denotes | Chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) is a flavonoid that exists in certain mushrooms, flowers (e.g., blue passion flower), and in other bee products (e.g., honey). |
| T106 | 2638-2736 | Sentence | denotes | It expresses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and neuroprotective effects [72]. |
| T107 | 2737-2925 | Sentence | denotes | Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a derivative of hydroxycinnamic acid, expresses anti-oxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and ant-neoplastic properties [73,74,75]. |
| T108 | 2926-3122 | Sentence | denotes | Pinocembrin (5,7-dihydroxyflavanone) is the most copious flavonoid in propolis—1 g of balsam/an ethanolic extract from poplar propolis found in Spain contains up to 606–701 mg of pinocembrin [76]. |
| T109 | 3123-3183 | Sentence | denotes | It exists in numerous plants (e.g., Eucalyptus and Populus). |
| T110 | 3184-3284 | Sentence | denotes | It exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiproliferative activities [77,78]. |
| T111 | 3285-3404 | Sentence | denotes | Essential/volatile oils are major bioactive constituents of propolis, and they contribute to its special aroma [79,80]. |
| T112 | 3405-3529 | Sentence | denotes | They also, partially, contribute to the strong antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities of propolis [79,81,82]. |
| T113 | 3530-3652 | Sentence | denotes | The volatile fraction of propolis varies in each sample even within a single country due to plant source and climate [79]. |
| T114 | 3653-3812 | Sentence | denotes | For instance, cumulative knowledge shows that volatile oils in propolis found in countries surrounding the Mediterranean depend mainly on the botanical origin. |
| T115 | 3813-4018 | Sentence | denotes | They primarily comprise poplar-derived compounds (e.g., benzoic acid and its esters and oxygenated sesquiterpene β-eudesmol) and conifer-derived compounds such as the hydrocarbon monoterpene α-pinene [80]. |
| T116 | 4019-4166 | Sentence | denotes | Interestingly, the number of volatile compounds derived from a single type of propolis is also reported to vary according to extraction techniques. |
| T117 | 4167-4404 | Sentence | denotes | In this regard, reports from China show that traditional hydrodistillation, steam-distillation extraction, and dynamic headspace sampling could characterize around 12, 40 and 70 type of volatile components of propolis, respectively [79]. |
| T118 | 4405-4538 | Sentence | denotes | Moreover, the level of antimicrobial activity of volatile compounds of propolis greatly depends on their extent of purification [82]. |
| T119 | 4539-4795 | Sentence | denotes | Thanks to its countless bioactive elements, propolis enjoys a range of versatile biological and pharmacological properties including antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, antiaging, and cytostatic properties. |
| T120 | 4796-4916 | Sentence | denotes | In addition, it is considered a perfect natural food preservative due to its antimicrobial activity [35,38,65,66,68,71]. |
| T121 | 4917-5068 | Sentence | denotes | Because of its enormous health-promoting activities, propolis is widely used as a dietary supplement in many countries, especially in Japan [37,38,39]. |
| T122 | 5069-5193 | Sentence | denotes | Propolis is not suitable for use in its crude state since it may contact harmful materials e.g., asphalt from the road [68]. |
| T123 | 5194-5377 | Sentence | denotes | Using solvents like ethanol, glycerol, chloroform, ether and acetone or water is necessary to get rid of hazardous substances and to increase its yield of bioactive compounds [67,68]. |
| T124 | 5378-5455 | Sentence | denotes | Although water may be a cheap solvent, propolis has poor solubility in water. |
| T125 | 5456-5558 | Sentence | denotes | Therefore, propolis water extracts are 10-fold lower in their phenolic contents than ethanol extracts. |
| T126 | 5559-5629 | Sentence | denotes | In addition, they retain the strong flavor and aroma of propolis [68]. |
| T127 | 5630-5822 | Sentence | denotes | Moreover, propolis contains allergenic components: caffeic acids derivates (e.g., 3-methyl-2-butenyl caffeate and phenylethyl caffeate), as well as benzyl salicylate and benzyl cinnamate [80]. |
| T128 | 5823-5921 | Sentence | denotes | Therefore, propolis use/consumption should be contraindicated in individuals with known allergies. |
LitCovid-PubTator
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | tao:has_database_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 275 | 564-568 | Species | denotes | bees | Tax:7460 |
| 285 | 930-946 | Chemical | denotes | phenylpropanoids | |
| 286 | 1015-1039 | Chemical | denotes | 7-isopentenyloxucoumarin | |
| 287 | 1041-1055 | Chemical | denotes | boropinic acid | |
| 288 | 1057-1081 | Chemical | denotes | 4-geranyloxyferulic acid | MESH:C552732 |
| 289 | 1087-1096 | Chemical | denotes | auraptene | MESH:C105832 |
| 290 | 1656-1666 | Chemical | denotes | flavonoids | MESH:D005419 |
| 291 | 1715-1727 | Chemical | denotes | artepillin C | MESH:C102259 |
| 292 | 1741-1754 | Chemical | denotes | coumaric acid | MESH:D003373 |
| 293 | 1772-1783 | Chemical | denotes | kaempferide | MESH:C449720 |
| 305 | 2549-2558 | Species | denotes | mushrooms | Tax:5341 |
| 306 | 2395-2405 | Chemical | denotes | Flavonoids | MESH:D005419 |
| 307 | 2480-2487 | Chemical | denotes | Chrysin | MESH:C043561 |
| 308 | 2489-2509 | Chemical | denotes | 5,7-dihydroxyflavone | MESH:C043561 |
| 309 | 2516-2525 | Chemical | denotes | flavonoid | MESH:D005419 |
| 310 | 2737-2765 | Chemical | denotes | Caffeic acid phenethyl ester | MESH:C055494 |
| 311 | 2767-2771 | Chemical | denotes | CAPE | MESH:C055494 |
| 312 | 2790-2810 | Chemical | denotes | hydroxycinnamic acid | MESH:D003373 |
| 313 | 2926-2937 | Chemical | denotes | Pinocembrin | MESH:C016063 |
| 314 | 2939-2961 | Chemical | denotes | 5,7-dihydroxyflavanone | MESH:C016063 |
| 315 | 2983-2992 | Chemical | denotes | flavonoid | MESH:D005419 |
| 323 | 3285-3308 | Chemical | denotes | Essential/volatile oils | |
| 324 | 3869-3881 | Chemical | denotes | benzoic acid | MESH:D019817 |
| 325 | 3890-3896 | Chemical | denotes | esters | MESH:D004952 |
| 326 | 3912-3925 | Chemical | denotes | sesquiterpene | MESH:D012717 |
| 327 | 3926-3936 | Chemical | denotes | β-eudesmol | MESH:C051082 |
| 328 | 3980-3991 | Chemical | denotes | hydrocarbon | MESH:D006838 |
| 329 | 3992-4012 | Chemical | denotes | monoterpene α-pinene | |
| 345 | 5214-5221 | Chemical | denotes | ethanol | MESH:D000431 |
| 346 | 5223-5231 | Chemical | denotes | glycerol | MESH:D005990 |
| 347 | 5233-5243 | Chemical | denotes | chloroform | MESH:D002725 |
| 348 | 5245-5250 | Chemical | denotes | ether | MESH:D004986 |
| 349 | 5255-5262 | Chemical | denotes | acetone | MESH:D000096 |
| 350 | 5266-5271 | Chemical | denotes | water | MESH:D014867 |
| 351 | 5387-5392 | Chemical | denotes | water | MESH:D014867 |
| 352 | 5449-5454 | Chemical | denotes | water | MESH:D014867 |
| 353 | 5476-5481 | Chemical | denotes | water | MESH:D014867 |
| 354 | 5541-5548 | Chemical | denotes | ethanol | MESH:D000431 |
| 355 | 5681-5694 | Chemical | denotes | caffeic acids | MESH:D002109 |
| 356 | 5712-5739 | Chemical | denotes | 3-methyl-2-butenyl caffeate | MESH:C054126 |
| 357 | 5744-5764 | Chemical | denotes | phenylethyl caffeate | |
| 358 | 5778-5795 | Chemical | denotes | benzyl salicylate | MESH:C039672 |
| 359 | 5800-5816 | Chemical | denotes | benzyl cinnamate | MESH:C526327 |