Gavage propolis (1 g/kg body weight/d/2 weeks)  Adult male Wistar rats with 2-week hind limb unloading (HU)  EG: HU rats + propolisCG1: normal rats + propolisCG2: normal ratsCG3: untreated HU rats  Soleus muscle weight, FCSA, myofiber number, apoptosis of endothelial cells, capillary to muscle fiber ratio, capillary number, luminal diameter, and capillary volume, levels of ROS, SOD-1, anti-angiogenic factors, and pro-angiogenic factors.  Propolis had no effect on soleus muscle weight or FCSA. However, the relative soleus muscle-to-body weight and the capillary to muscle fiber ratio of the soleus muscle were significantly higher in EG than in CG3. Propolis decreased the number of apoptotic endothelial cells, improved levels of SOD-1, ROS, and VEGF leading to increased capillary number, luminal diameter, and capillary volume in the EG to the levels of CG1 and CG2, which were all significantly different from CG3.  [110]