4.3. Reporter-Detected In-Cell NMR
In-cell NMR extends beyond proteins, and has been applied successfully to DNA [93,421] and RNA molecules [422,423]. Telomeric repeats have also been studied using target detected in-cell NMR [424]. The reporter-detected in-cell NMR technique isotopically labels neither the ligand nor the target, but rather a receptor that indirectly measures the effects of ligand-target binding [409].
The “reporter” varies according to the experimental context. For instance, Dose et al. [425] used acetylation- and deacetylation-based assays to monitor the activity of histone deacetylase and acetyl-transferase. Thongwichian et al. [426] used peptide-based reporters to identify active kinases and phosphatases in cellular conditions. Lastly, Doura et al. [427] designed a 19F probe that operates in biological conditions in order to study the adherence and dynamics of proteins found in human blood.