The main results of the logistic regression are provided in Table 3, and the results containing all associations in online Supplementary Table 4. Both strong worries from health and economic consequences of COVID-19 were associated with an increased risk for fulfilling the criteria of at least one mental disorder (1.63, 95% CI = 1.4; 1.89 and 1.42, 95% CI = 1.23; 1.63 respectively), major depressive episode (1.66, 95% CI = 1.38; 1.99 and 1.44, 95% CI = 1.21; 1.71), risk of suicide (1.43, 95% CI = 1.19; 1.72 and 1.37, 95% CI = 1.15; 1.62) and anxiety disorders (1.7, 95% CI = 1.42; 2.02 and 1.43, 95% CI = 1.2; 1.69). However, we found no statistically significant association between alcohol use disorders and health or economic COVID-19 worries. Having been tested (either negatively or positively) for COVID-19 was associated with elevated risk of at least one mental disorder (2.13, 95% CI = 1.21; 3.73), risk of suicide (2.36, 95% CI = 1.23; 4.32) and anxiety disorders (2.11, 95% CI = 1.08; 3.95), but not for major depressive episode or alcohol use disorders.
Table 3. Logit regression models: an association of COVID-19-related covariates and the presence of mental disorders
Any mental disorder Major depressive episode Suicidality Anxiety disorders Alcohol use disorders
COVID-19 health-related worries 1.63 (1.4; 1.89)*** 1.66 (1.38; 1.99)*** 1.43 (1.19; 1.72)*** 1.7 (1.42; 2.02)*** 1.12 (0.88; 1.41)
COVID-19 economic worries 1.42 (1.23; 1.63)*** 1.44 (1.21; 1.71)*** 1.37 (1.15; 1.62)*** 1.43 (1.2; 1.69)*** 1.13 (0.91; 1.38)
Presence of COVID-19
Not tested Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref.
Tested negative or positive 2.13 (1.21; 3.73)* 1.75 (0.87; 3.34) 2.36 (1.23; 4.32)* 2.11 (1.08; 3.95)* 0.96 (0.39; 2.07)
Models adjusted for age, gender, level of education, marital status, employment status, size of residence and use of prescription drugs. The results are expressed as ORs with 95% CIs.
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.