Aside from targeting an enzyme or a protein, cell type-specific, dual-targeting nanomedicines offer a better chance for successful targeting cancer cells without inducing acquired drug resistance. Common combinations of dual targets include enzymes and receptors (Wang et al., 2019[92]), enzymes and ligands (Wang et al., 2016[82]), two different enzymes (Zheng et al., 2019[117]), and simply two drugs with different targets (Mang et al., 2019[63]). The dual-targeting concept is highly useful in designing compounds to control cell fates (Zhou et al., 2017[125]), including targeting downregulation in cancer cells (Feng et al., 2017[25]).