In addition to the health check that was a standard component of the WPHC, participants consented to have additional health data collected for research purposes. Verbal consent was used whenever a written one could not be obtained. In addition to individual consent, parent/legal guardian consent was obtained for all participants younger than 18 years. The study incorporated all WPHC participants who identified as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander and attended the screening in October, November, and December 2016. There were 214 individuals aged 15 years and older who participated in the October, November, and December 2016 WPHC and identified as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander. Participants were excluded due to insufficient survey information (n = 2) and or not providing consent to participate in the research component of the health check (n = 1). Only participants who provided stool samples for metagenomic sequencing (total n = 100; 50 participants from each site) were then included in the current analysis. The study was granted ethical approval by the Far North Queensland Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC/16/QCH/70–1059). In addition, written support from the local Community Council, Primary Health Care Service, and TCHHS was also provided (Weiland, 1978).