This observational study recruited participants from the Well Persons Health Check (WPHC). In 1997, the Australian government started a broad community health promotion and screening programme called the WPHC (Berger et al., 2020) conducted by the Torres and Cape Hospital and Health Service (TCHHS). Through WPHC several Indigenous (Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander) communities in northern Queensland were screened annually for sexually transmitted infections and chronic cardiovascular as well as chronic metabolic conditions. In 2016, TCHHS collaborated with James Cook University (Zenadth Kes Health Partnership; Weiland, 1978) to conduct these surveys in two Australian island communities, Waiben and Mer. These islands are located in the Torres Strait Islands (TSI) archipelago, which lies in the waters separating the far northern continental Australia’s Cape York Peninsula (northern-most tip of Queensland) and the Western Province of Papua New Guinea, off the continent of Australia. Mer (Murray Island) is a 4.3 km2 remote island located on the eastern periphery of the Torres Strait region, 210 km northeast of Waiben and 340 km west of Port Moresby, with a population of 450 in 2016. The island is less connected with no known fast-food outlet. Waiben (Thursday Island) is a 3.5 km2 landmass located about 39 km north of Cape York Peninsula with a population of 2938 in 2016. It is the administrative and commercial center of the Torres Strait Island Region.