PMC:7571312 / 125484-126966 JSONTXT

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    LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T33","span":{"begin":389,"end":394},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T34","span":{"begin":525,"end":529},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T35","span":{"begin":580,"end":584},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T36","span":{"begin":1056,"end":1064},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T37","span":{"begin":1335,"end":1343},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A33","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T33","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A34","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T34","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A35","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T35","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A36","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T36","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257"},{"id":"A37","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T37","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257"}],"text":"The expression and purification strategy followed previous studies on SARS CoV-1 3CLpro.58 Genes encoding SARS CoV-1 3CLpro and SARS CoV-2 Mpro MN908947.3 were synthesized with codon usage optimized for Escherichia coli expression (Genscript and IDT). Genes were cloned into a modified pET24a vector to produce a TEV-cleavable N-terminal 6xHis tag under the T7 promoter control. BL21(DE3) cells (LifeTech) were grown in Terrific Broth (Teknova) at 37 °C until an OD600 = 0.6–0.8 and induced with 0.4 M IPTG for 5 h at 30 °C. Cell pellets were stored at −80 °C until purification. Cell pellets were resuspended and lysed by microfluidization in Buffer A (20 mM Tris pH 8.0 + 150 mM NaCl). Lysates were clarified at 25,000 × g for 1 h at 4 °C. The soluble lysate was loaded onto a nickel affinity column (Probond) and washed sequentially with Buffer A + 5 mM and 20 mM imidazole. The proteases were eluted with Buffer A + 300 mM imidazole. The His-tag was removed by TEV protease (1:40) during an overnight dialysis step in Buffer A + 1 mM DTT. The CoV Mpro proteins were further purified on a HiTrap Q hp (GE Healthcare), and the Q-flow-through material was concentrated and loaded onto a 26/60 Superdex-75 (GE Healthcare) gel filtration column equilibrated with Buffer B (20 mM Tris pH 7.8 + 150 mM NaCl + 1 mM EDTA + 1 mM DTT). Final proteins were concentrated from 5 to 25 mg/mL and were directly moved to crystallization experiments or snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen for storage."}

    LitCovid-PD-MONDO

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T107","span":{"begin":70,"end":74},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T108","span":{"begin":106,"end":110},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T109","span":{"begin":128,"end":132},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A107","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T107","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A108","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T108","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A109","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T109","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"}],"text":"The expression and purification strategy followed previous studies on SARS CoV-1 3CLpro.58 Genes encoding SARS CoV-1 3CLpro and SARS CoV-2 Mpro MN908947.3 were synthesized with codon usage optimized for Escherichia coli expression (Genscript and IDT). Genes were cloned into a modified pET24a vector to produce a TEV-cleavable N-terminal 6xHis tag under the T7 promoter control. BL21(DE3) cells (LifeTech) were grown in Terrific Broth (Teknova) at 37 °C until an OD600 = 0.6–0.8 and induced with 0.4 M IPTG for 5 h at 30 °C. Cell pellets were stored at −80 °C until purification. Cell pellets were resuspended and lysed by microfluidization in Buffer A (20 mM Tris pH 8.0 + 150 mM NaCl). Lysates were clarified at 25,000 × g for 1 h at 4 °C. The soluble lysate was loaded onto a nickel affinity column (Probond) and washed sequentially with Buffer A + 5 mM and 20 mM imidazole. The proteases were eluted with Buffer A + 300 mM imidazole. The His-tag was removed by TEV protease (1:40) during an overnight dialysis step in Buffer A + 1 mM DTT. The CoV Mpro proteins were further purified on a HiTrap Q hp (GE Healthcare), and the Q-flow-through material was concentrated and loaded onto a 26/60 Superdex-75 (GE Healthcare) gel filtration column equilibrated with Buffer B (20 mM Tris pH 7.8 + 150 mM NaCl + 1 mM EDTA + 1 mM DTT). Final proteins were concentrated from 5 to 25 mg/mL and were directly moved to crystallization experiments or snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen for storage."}

    LitCovid-PD-CLO

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T154","span":{"begin":91,"end":96},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002"},{"id":"T155","span":{"begin":252,"end":257},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002"},{"id":"T156","span":{"begin":275,"end":276},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T157","span":{"begin":311,"end":312},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T158","span":{"begin":389,"end":394},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T159","span":{"begin":525,"end":529},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T160","span":{"begin":580,"end":584},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T161","span":{"begin":651,"end":652},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T162","span":{"begin":736,"end":740},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001387"},{"id":"T163","span":{"begin":777,"end":778},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T164","span":{"begin":848,"end":849},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T165","span":{"begin":916,"end":917},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T166","span":{"begin":1029,"end":1030},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T167","span":{"begin":1090,"end":1091},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T168","span":{"begin":1101,"end":1103},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0003797"},{"id":"T169","span":{"begin":1101,"end":1103},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000008725"},{"id":"T170","span":{"begin":1101,"end":1103},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000007"},{"id":"T171","span":{"begin":1186,"end":1187},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T172","span":{"begin":1269,"end":1270},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021"}],"text":"The expression and purification strategy followed previous studies on SARS CoV-1 3CLpro.58 Genes encoding SARS CoV-1 3CLpro and SARS CoV-2 Mpro MN908947.3 were synthesized with codon usage optimized for Escherichia coli expression (Genscript and IDT). Genes were cloned into a modified pET24a vector to produce a TEV-cleavable N-terminal 6xHis tag under the T7 promoter control. BL21(DE3) cells (LifeTech) were grown in Terrific Broth (Teknova) at 37 °C until an OD600 = 0.6–0.8 and induced with 0.4 M IPTG for 5 h at 30 °C. Cell pellets were stored at −80 °C until purification. Cell pellets were resuspended and lysed by microfluidization in Buffer A (20 mM Tris pH 8.0 + 150 mM NaCl). Lysates were clarified at 25,000 × g for 1 h at 4 °C. The soluble lysate was loaded onto a nickel affinity column (Probond) and washed sequentially with Buffer A + 5 mM and 20 mM imidazole. The proteases were eluted with Buffer A + 300 mM imidazole. The His-tag was removed by TEV protease (1:40) during an overnight dialysis step in Buffer A + 1 mM DTT. The CoV Mpro proteins were further purified on a HiTrap Q hp (GE Healthcare), and the Q-flow-through material was concentrated and loaded onto a 26/60 Superdex-75 (GE Healthcare) gel filtration column equilibrated with Buffer B (20 mM Tris pH 7.8 + 150 mM NaCl + 1 mM EDTA + 1 mM DTT). Final proteins were concentrated from 5 to 25 mg/mL and were directly moved to crystallization experiments or snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen for storage."}

    LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T954","span":{"begin":502,"end":506},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T2872","span":{"begin":660,"end":664},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T39293","span":{"begin":681,"end":685},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T58307","span":{"begin":779,"end":785},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T62691","span":{"begin":867,"end":876},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T15620","span":{"begin":927,"end":936},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T84681","span":{"begin":1038,"end":1041},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T31504","span":{"begin":1056,"end":1064},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T54614","span":{"begin":1105,"end":1107},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T56422","span":{"begin":1207,"end":1209},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T47030","span":{"begin":1278,"end":1282},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T81065","span":{"begin":1299,"end":1303},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T25782","span":{"begin":1311,"end":1315},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T51126","span":{"begin":1323,"end":1326},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T95650","span":{"begin":1335,"end":1343},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T72652","span":{"begin":1461,"end":1469},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A67199","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T954","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_61448"},{"id":"A85879","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T2872","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9754"},{"id":"A30734","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T39293","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26710"},{"id":"A68583","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T58307","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28112"},{"id":"A67437","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T62691","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_14434"},{"id":"A34915","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T62691","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16069"},{"id":"A20779","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T15620","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_14434"},{"id":"A56879","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T15620","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16069"},{"id":"A31771","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T84681","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18320"},{"id":"A78432","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T31504","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080"},{"id":"A68024","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T54614","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73801"},{"id":"A10372","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T56422","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73801"},{"id":"A3766","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T47030","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9754"},{"id":"A5250","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T81065","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26710"},{"id":"A35520","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T25782","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_42191"},{"id":"A85519","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T25782","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64755"},{"id":"A69492","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T51126","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18320"},{"id":"A62792","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T95650","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080"},{"id":"A85236","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T72652","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25555"}],"text":"The expression and purification strategy followed previous studies on SARS CoV-1 3CLpro.58 Genes encoding SARS CoV-1 3CLpro and SARS CoV-2 Mpro MN908947.3 were synthesized with codon usage optimized for Escherichia coli expression (Genscript and IDT). Genes were cloned into a modified pET24a vector to produce a TEV-cleavable N-terminal 6xHis tag under the T7 promoter control. BL21(DE3) cells (LifeTech) were grown in Terrific Broth (Teknova) at 37 °C until an OD600 = 0.6–0.8 and induced with 0.4 M IPTG for 5 h at 30 °C. Cell pellets were stored at −80 °C until purification. Cell pellets were resuspended and lysed by microfluidization in Buffer A (20 mM Tris pH 8.0 + 150 mM NaCl). Lysates were clarified at 25,000 × g for 1 h at 4 °C. The soluble lysate was loaded onto a nickel affinity column (Probond) and washed sequentially with Buffer A + 5 mM and 20 mM imidazole. The proteases were eluted with Buffer A + 300 mM imidazole. The His-tag was removed by TEV protease (1:40) during an overnight dialysis step in Buffer A + 1 mM DTT. The CoV Mpro proteins were further purified on a HiTrap Q hp (GE Healthcare), and the Q-flow-through material was concentrated and loaded onto a 26/60 Superdex-75 (GE Healthcare) gel filtration column equilibrated with Buffer B (20 mM Tris pH 7.8 + 150 mM NaCl + 1 mM EDTA + 1 mM DTT). Final proteins were concentrated from 5 to 25 mg/mL and were directly moved to crystallization experiments or snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen for storage."}

    LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":1474,"end":1481},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051235"}],"text":"The expression and purification strategy followed previous studies on SARS CoV-1 3CLpro.58 Genes encoding SARS CoV-1 3CLpro and SARS CoV-2 Mpro MN908947.3 were synthesized with codon usage optimized for Escherichia coli expression (Genscript and IDT). Genes were cloned into a modified pET24a vector to produce a TEV-cleavable N-terminal 6xHis tag under the T7 promoter control. BL21(DE3) cells (LifeTech) were grown in Terrific Broth (Teknova) at 37 °C until an OD600 = 0.6–0.8 and induced with 0.4 M IPTG for 5 h at 30 °C. Cell pellets were stored at −80 °C until purification. Cell pellets were resuspended and lysed by microfluidization in Buffer A (20 mM Tris pH 8.0 + 150 mM NaCl). Lysates were clarified at 25,000 × g for 1 h at 4 °C. The soluble lysate was loaded onto a nickel affinity column (Probond) and washed sequentially with Buffer A + 5 mM and 20 mM imidazole. The proteases were eluted with Buffer A + 300 mM imidazole. The His-tag was removed by TEV protease (1:40) during an overnight dialysis step in Buffer A + 1 mM DTT. The CoV Mpro proteins were further purified on a HiTrap Q hp (GE Healthcare), and the Q-flow-through material was concentrated and loaded onto a 26/60 Superdex-75 (GE Healthcare) gel filtration column equilibrated with Buffer B (20 mM Tris pH 7.8 + 150 mM NaCl + 1 mM EDTA + 1 mM DTT). Final proteins were concentrated from 5 to 25 mg/mL and were directly moved to crystallization experiments or snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen for storage."}

    LitCovid-sentences

    {"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T679","span":{"begin":0,"end":251},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T680","span":{"begin":252,"end":378},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T681","span":{"begin":379,"end":524},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T682","span":{"begin":525,"end":579},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T683","span":{"begin":580,"end":687},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T684","span":{"begin":688,"end":741},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T685","span":{"begin":742,"end":877},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T686","span":{"begin":878,"end":937},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T687","span":{"begin":938,"end":1042},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T688","span":{"begin":1043,"end":1328},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T689","span":{"begin":1329,"end":1482},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"The expression and purification strategy followed previous studies on SARS CoV-1 3CLpro.58 Genes encoding SARS CoV-1 3CLpro and SARS CoV-2 Mpro MN908947.3 were synthesized with codon usage optimized for Escherichia coli expression (Genscript and IDT). Genes were cloned into a modified pET24a vector to produce a TEV-cleavable N-terminal 6xHis tag under the T7 promoter control. BL21(DE3) cells (LifeTech) were grown in Terrific Broth (Teknova) at 37 °C until an OD600 = 0.6–0.8 and induced with 0.4 M IPTG for 5 h at 30 °C. Cell pellets were stored at −80 °C until purification. Cell pellets were resuspended and lysed by microfluidization in Buffer A (20 mM Tris pH 8.0 + 150 mM NaCl). Lysates were clarified at 25,000 × g for 1 h at 4 °C. The soluble lysate was loaded onto a nickel affinity column (Probond) and washed sequentially with Buffer A + 5 mM and 20 mM imidazole. The proteases were eluted with Buffer A + 300 mM imidazole. The His-tag was removed by TEV protease (1:40) during an overnight dialysis step in Buffer A + 1 mM DTT. The CoV Mpro proteins were further purified on a HiTrap Q hp (GE Healthcare), and the Q-flow-through material was concentrated and loaded onto a 26/60 Superdex-75 (GE Healthcare) gel filtration column equilibrated with Buffer B (20 mM Tris pH 7.8 + 150 mM NaCl + 1 mM EDTA + 1 mM DTT). Final proteins were concentrated from 5 to 25 mg/mL and were directly moved to crystallization experiments or snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen for storage."}

    LitCovid-PubTator

    {"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"2197","span":{"begin":1051,"end":1055},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"2198","span":{"begin":139,"end":143},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"2199","span":{"begin":70,"end":78},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2200","span":{"begin":106,"end":114},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2201","span":{"begin":128,"end":138},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2202","span":{"begin":203,"end":219},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2203","span":{"begin":1047,"end":1050},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2204","span":{"begin":502,"end":506},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"2205","span":{"begin":660,"end":664},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"2206","span":{"begin":681,"end":685},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"2207","span":{"begin":779,"end":785},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"2208","span":{"begin":867,"end":876},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"2209","span":{"begin":927,"end":936},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"2210","span":{"begin":1038,"end":1041},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"2211","span":{"begin":1278,"end":1282},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"2212","span":{"begin":1299,"end":1303},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"2213","span":{"begin":1311,"end":1315},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"2214","span":{"begin":1323,"end":1326},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"2215","span":{"begin":1461,"end":1469},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"2216","span":{"begin":144,"end":154},"obj":"CellLine"},{"id":"2217","span":{"begin":379,"end":383},"obj":"CellLine"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A2197","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2197","obj":"Gene:8673700"},{"id":"A2198","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2198","obj":"Gene:8673700"},{"id":"A2199","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2199","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A2200","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2200","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A2201","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2201","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A2202","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2202","obj":"Tax:562"},{"id":"A2203","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2203","obj":"Tax:11118"},{"id":"A2204","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2204","obj":"MESH:D007544"},{"id":"A2206","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2206","obj":"MESH:D012965"},{"id":"A2207","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2207","obj":"MESH:D009532"},{"id":"A2208","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2208","obj":"MESH:C029899"},{"id":"A2209","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2209","obj":"MESH:C029899"},{"id":"A2210","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2210","obj":"MESH:D004229"},{"id":"A2212","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2212","obj":"MESH:D012965"},{"id":"A2213","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2213","obj":"MESH:D004492"},{"id":"A2214","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2214","obj":"MESH:D004229"},{"id":"A2215","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2215","obj":"MESH:D009584"},{"id":"A2216","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2216","obj":"CVCL:U508"},{"id":"A2217","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2217","obj":"CVCL:M639"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}],"text":"The expression and purification strategy followed previous studies on SARS CoV-1 3CLpro.58 Genes encoding SARS CoV-1 3CLpro and SARS CoV-2 Mpro MN908947.3 were synthesized with codon usage optimized for Escherichia coli expression (Genscript and IDT). Genes were cloned into a modified pET24a vector to produce a TEV-cleavable N-terminal 6xHis tag under the T7 promoter control. BL21(DE3) cells (LifeTech) were grown in Terrific Broth (Teknova) at 37 °C until an OD600 = 0.6–0.8 and induced with 0.4 M IPTG for 5 h at 30 °C. Cell pellets were stored at −80 °C until purification. Cell pellets were resuspended and lysed by microfluidization in Buffer A (20 mM Tris pH 8.0 + 150 mM NaCl). Lysates were clarified at 25,000 × g for 1 h at 4 °C. The soluble lysate was loaded onto a nickel affinity column (Probond) and washed sequentially with Buffer A + 5 mM and 20 mM imidazole. The proteases were eluted with Buffer A + 300 mM imidazole. The His-tag was removed by TEV protease (1:40) during an overnight dialysis step in Buffer A + 1 mM DTT. The CoV Mpro proteins were further purified on a HiTrap Q hp (GE Healthcare), and the Q-flow-through material was concentrated and loaded onto a 26/60 Superdex-75 (GE Healthcare) gel filtration column equilibrated with Buffer B (20 mM Tris pH 7.8 + 150 mM NaCl + 1 mM EDTA + 1 mM DTT). Final proteins were concentrated from 5 to 25 mg/mL and were directly moved to crystallization experiments or snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen for storage."}

    2_test

    {"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"33054210-18237196-61913470","span":{"begin":88,"end":90},"obj":"18237196"}],"text":"The expression and purification strategy followed previous studies on SARS CoV-1 3CLpro.58 Genes encoding SARS CoV-1 3CLpro and SARS CoV-2 Mpro MN908947.3 were synthesized with codon usage optimized for Escherichia coli expression (Genscript and IDT). Genes were cloned into a modified pET24a vector to produce a TEV-cleavable N-terminal 6xHis tag under the T7 promoter control. BL21(DE3) cells (LifeTech) were grown in Terrific Broth (Teknova) at 37 °C until an OD600 = 0.6–0.8 and induced with 0.4 M IPTG for 5 h at 30 °C. Cell pellets were stored at −80 °C until purification. Cell pellets were resuspended and lysed by microfluidization in Buffer A (20 mM Tris pH 8.0 + 150 mM NaCl). Lysates were clarified at 25,000 × g for 1 h at 4 °C. The soluble lysate was loaded onto a nickel affinity column (Probond) and washed sequentially with Buffer A + 5 mM and 20 mM imidazole. The proteases were eluted with Buffer A + 300 mM imidazole. The His-tag was removed by TEV protease (1:40) during an overnight dialysis step in Buffer A + 1 mM DTT. The CoV Mpro proteins were further purified on a HiTrap Q hp (GE Healthcare), and the Q-flow-through material was concentrated and loaded onto a 26/60 Superdex-75 (GE Healthcare) gel filtration column equilibrated with Buffer B (20 mM Tris pH 7.8 + 150 mM NaCl + 1 mM EDTA + 1 mM DTT). Final proteins were concentrated from 5 to 25 mg/mL and were directly moved to crystallization experiments or snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen for storage."}