As discussed above, many patients with chronic respiratory diseases such as COPD and CF face acute and chronic exacerbations. These pulmonary exacerbations are characterized by a worsening lung function, significantly below what is normal for their conditions [4,31,173]. These exacerbations are caused by environmental exposures or bacterial and viral infections that result in further deterioration of the patient’s condition [4,31,173,174,175], leading to hospitalization for individuals causing increased morbidity and mortality [4,31,173]. Exacerbations also pose a significant financial burden for patients with chronic respiratory diseases [1,2,176,177].