In a separate study, an increased expression of the microRNA (Mir)c1/Mir17-92 cluster was identified as a potential negative regulator of autophagy in CF macrophages when compared to normal control cells [105]. Furthermore, the in vivo downregulation of Mir17 and Mir20a, partially restored autophagy gene expression and improved the clearance of B. cenocepacia [105]. These studies highlight the importance of autophagy as a key protective mechanism in CF exacerbation, and lung disease pathogenesis and progression.