In the case of Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae), which is the most common pathogen causing community acquired pneumonia [76], studies have demonstrated that infection activates the autophagy pathway as part of the body’s immune response [77,78]. Recently, it has been shown that this induction of autophagy makes the clearance of S. pneumoniae infection more effective by enhancing the rate of phagocytosis by neutrophils [78], demonstrating that autophagy is necessary for an effective immune response in pneumonia. Studies have also exhibited the activation of autophagy in alveolar macrophages by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) [5,79] and Klebsiella pneumoniae [46,79] to induce the degradation of these pathogens in phagolysosomes. Moreover, there has been evidence that autophagy is activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is a bacterial toxin on the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Typically, LPS can cause inflammation that leads to lung injury [80,81]; however, the activation of autophagy in response to LPS was shown to attenuate lung injury [82,83].