Based on clinical symptoms and a positive GM testing on nondirected BAL fluid, the proportion of putative IPA in the tested cohort was 21.4%, with a 95% confidence interval of 9.0–33.8% (Table 2). Fungal cultures of the nondirected BAL yielded positive results in seven (77.8%) patients with IPA and only one (3%) patient without IPA, who, because of lack of clinical deterioration and lack of increased BAL GM levels, was ruled to be colonized with Aspergillus. At 30-day follow-up after inclusion cessation, ICU mortality in the IPA group was 22.2% and 15.1% in the non-IPA group (P = 0.61). Autopsies were not performed because of a perceived risk of contamination. Mean ICU length of stay was 37 days for patients with IPA versus 19 for those without IPA (P < 0.05).