>1 criterion among: 1. Aspergillus-positive culture/PCR endotracheal aspirate in repeated samples with negative anti-Aspergillus antibody testing 2. Compatible clinical signs 3. Abnormal thoracic medical imaging on CT scan or X-ray 4a. Host risk factors Or 4b. Semiquantitative Aspergillus-positive culture/PCR of BAL fluid + positive direct microscopy