Table 6 presents the classification of the 45 patients using original or modified AspICU algorithms. It appears that using an AspICU algorithm, nine patients were considered as having a putative IA (22% of the cohort). When including PCR, the number of patients with putative IA would increase from 9 to 15 (33%) patients, while most patients might be only colonized because all presented compatible clinical signs and abnormal chest CT scan (Table 5). Regarding Aspergillus detection, eight patients had a single detection of fungi using culture and/or PCR in respiratory samples and thus were classified as colonized. One of these patients had a concomitant GM detection in serum (index = 0.551), was not treated and is still alive, thus was considered as a false positive result. Finally, seven (16%) patients presented a heavy burden of Aspergillus in the respiratory tract with repeated positive cultures and/or PCR. In order to rule out a chronic colonization before the episode, an anti-Aspergillus antibody testing was performed and showed negative results. These patients were classified as putative IA, and three of them could even be considered as probable IA because of a positive biomarker of angioinvasion (serum PCR and/or GM) in agreement with EORTC/MSG classification.