18).
Other substrates of ACE2 include apelin-13/17, neurotensin, dynorphin A (1–13), and ghrelin (Turner, 2015). Interestingly peptides of apelin family have been demonstrated to upregulate ACE2 expression in physiological condition and more actively during heart failure in in vivo experiments (Sato et al., 2013). ACE2 in turn is able to regulate apelin bioavailability, establishing a negative feedback loop, and the crosstalk between RAAS, A