(A) LDN prevents LPS induced pro-inflammatory cytokines expression and release Quantitative mRNA expression of indicated genes (mcp-1, il-6 and Il1b) in murine macrophage cells. (B) ELISA of pro-inflammatory proteins (MCP-1, IL-6 and IL-1β) in conditioned media from LPS challenged murine macrophage cells in the present and absence of LDN (C) Quantitative mRNA expression of IL-1β, mcp-1 and IL-6 in purified ATMs from all group mice. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 3) from three independent sets of repeats (mean ± SEM ***p < 0.001, **p, ^^p < 0.01 *p,^p < 0.05.) (D) LDN acts as EKR1 inhibitor and improved insulin sensitivity in LPS treated macrophage cells. ERK1/2 (Immunoblot) in RAW cells treated with LPS (1ug/ml) in the presence and absence of LDN.