Results demonstrated that LPS treatment significantly induced expression on pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and mcp-1) whereas, LDN significantly inhibited LPS expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and mcp-1 in macrophage cells (Figure 1(A)). Next, we tested the possible involvement of LPS in inducing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and we also determine the effects of LDN on release of pro-inflammatory mediators in LPS induced macrophage cells (Figure 1(B)). Conditioned media from LPS challenged macrophage cells showed a significantly enhanced release pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, MCP-1 and IL-6) and interestingly we found that LDN treatment attenuated LPS induced IL-1β, MCP1 and IL-6 level (Figure 1(B)). These data suggest that LPS induced macrophage cells, to release - pro-inflammatory mediators, and LDN treatment can significantly abrogate LPS induced release of pro-inflammatory mediators in media. Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) is closely linked to this inflammatory condition which leads to numbers of diseases and the ability of High Fat Diet (HFD) feeding on increased LPS uptake and trafficking to macrophages and other targets are well known (Hersoug et al., 2016). Hence in this study, we investigated the effect of HFD on proinflammatory markers expression in purified ATMs. Expression of pro-inflammatory markers such as IL-1β, MCP-1 and IL-6 was induced (Figure 1(C)) whereas LDN attenuates HFD induced pro-inflammatory cytokines expression. Altogether, this data clearly shows that LDN treatment may protect (by reducing elevated M1 cytokines) against inflammation.