Conclusion Disease specific knowledge is essential in order to enable people to judge information on COVID-19 and to motivate people to change their behavior. Health education programs aiming at improving COVID-19 knowledge can be helpful to build up appropriate practices and thereby reduce the spread of the disease. Socioeconomic characteristics should be taken into account in the development of infection control measures like target-group oriented communication or needs-based social and financial support services. Future research on COVID-19 should take socioeconomic characteristics into account to better determine risk groups in order to work toward greater equity in health.