Table 3  Results from the nine multiple logistic regression models on the association of socio-demographic factors and protective behavior.
Predictors   I have avoided certain (busy) places   I have adapted my school or work situation   I washed my hands more often and longer
OR   95% CI    p   OR   95% CI    p   OR   95% CI    p
(Intercept)  6.52  3.42–12.56   <0.001  4.42  2.62–7.52   <0.001  6.64  3.09–14.41   <0.001
Education (low)  0.63  0.48–0.83   0.001  0.66  0.52–0.82   <0.001  0.53  0.38–0.73   <0.001
Education (middle)  0.85  0.65–1.10  0.212  0.70  0.57–0.86   0.001  0.71  0.52–0.96   0.027
Female gender  1.47  1.21–1.80   <0.001  0.86  0.73–1.01  0.059  2.13  1.67–2.73   <0.001
Age  1.03  0.98–1.09  0.190  0.79  0.75–0.82   <0.001  1.05  0.99–1.12  0.105
Partnership: single  0.48  0.35–0.65   <0.001  0.67  0.52–0.86   0.002  0.50  0.34–0.72   <0.001
Partnership: divorced  1.00  0.70–1.44  0.981  1.30  1.00–1.69  0.051  0.52  0.36–0.77   0.001
Partnership: widowed  0.93  0.63–1.38  0.698  0.81  0.59–1.09  0.165  1.08  0.65–1.86  0.774
Size of household  0.88  0.75–1.04  0.122  1.02  0.89–1.17  0.740  1.10  0.90–1.34  0.361
Predictors   I have kept distance to other people (at least 1.5 m)   I have quarantined myself, although I have no symptoms   I used disinfectant
OR   95% CI    p   OR   95% CI    p   OR   95% CI    p
(Intercept)  2.05  1.13–3.72   0.018  0.16  0.07–0.36   <0.001  1.37  0.82–2.29  0.226
Education (low)  0.71  0.55–0.93   0.013  1.13  0.80–1.59  0.485  1.12  0.90–1.39  0.313
Education (middle)  0.64  0.51–0.81   <0.001  0.78  0.56–1.08  0.133  1.16  0.96–1.42  0.132
Female gender  1.58  1.31–1.90   <0.001  1.24  0.97–1.60  0.092  1.40  1.20–1.63   <0.001
Age  1.13  1.07–1.18   <0.001  0.91  0.85–0.97   0.004  0.92  0.88–0.96   <0.001
Partnership: single  0.63  0.47–0.85   0.002  1.30  0.88–1.93  0.195  0.89  0.70–1.14  0.356
Partnership: divorced  0.70  0.52–0.97   0.028  2.10  1.41–3.09   <0.001  0.90  0.70–1.17  0.431
Partnership: widowed  0.54  0.39–0.76   <0.001  1.56  0.97–2.44  0.059  0.79  0.60–1.03  0.078
Size of household  1.08  0.93–1.26  0.307  0.94  0.76–1.15  0.529  1.22  1.07–1.39   0.003
Predictors   I have reduced personal meetings and contacts   I was wearing face masks   I have taken none of these measures
OR   95% CI    p   OR   95% CI    p   OR   95% CI    p
(Intercept)  1.76  0.94–3.31  0.078  0.02  0.00–0.10  <0.001  0.02  0.00–0.12  <0.001
Education (low)  0.57  0.43–0.75   <0.001  1.28  0.67–2.47  0.459  2.03  1.03–4.08   0.044
Education (middle)  0.75  0.58–0.97   0.027  1.41  0.79–2.58  0.256  0.77  0.35–1.65  0.511
Female gender  1.70  1.40–2.08   <0.001  1.01  0.65–1.57  0.950  0.49  0.28–0.83   0.010
Age  1.15  1.09–1.21   <0.001  1.03  0.92–1.16  0.621  0.97  0.85–1.10  0.624
Partnership: single  0.78  0.58–1.06  0.118  0.66  0.31–1.38  0.278  1.14  0.51–2.50  0.742
Partnership: divorced  0.71  0.52–0.99   0.040  1.37  0.71–2.54  0.332  0.96  0.36–2.25  0.933
Partnership: widowed  0.89  0.60–1.33  0.544  0.48  0.17–1.14  0.125  1.15  0.40–2.82  0.777
Size of household  1.15  0.98–1.35  0.092  1.01  0.68–1.48  0.958  1.12  0.74–1.70  0.585
Shown are odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CI) and p-value (p) (N = 3,186). Significant p-values (p < 0.05) in bold.