the expression, production and release of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 by M1 macrophages (Allam-Ndoul, Guenard, Barbier, & Vohl, 2017; Liu et al., 2014; Mildenberger et al., 2017). Schoeniger et al., showed n-3 PUFAs have the ability to down-regulate inflammatory p