Fig. 3 A summary of the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of n-3 PUFAs. (A) N-3 PUFAs can regulate expression of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules, inhibit NLRP3 inflammasomes, activate anti-inflammatory transcription factors (PPARα/γ) and activate GPR120 receptors which inhibit TLR4-mediated activation of NF-κB. (B) N-3 PUFAs are metabolized by COX/5-LOX into 5-series LTs which exert anti-inflammatory effects. (C) N-3 PUFAs can replace n-6 PUFAs, such as AA, altering the inflammatory response.