Granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) inhibition • GM-CSF can play a pro-inflammatory role signaling to macrophages
• COVID-19 patients have been demonstrated to have elevated GM-CSF levels
• Literature proposes that targeting GM-CSF upstream of inflammatory cytokines ex. gimsilumab, may be useful to blunt cytokine storm (Rizk et al., 2020)