Clinical evidence from trials assessing the role of n-3 PUFAs in ameliorating ALI, ARDS and sepsis has been limited. Pontes-Arruda et al. investigated the effect of a diet enriched with EPA, γ-linolenic acid and antioxidants in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock who required mechanical ventilation (Pontes-Arruda, Aragao, & Albuquerque, 2006). The data suggested the diet contributed to improved ICU and hospital clinical outcomes and was associated with lower mortality rates when compared to the control groups. Meta-analysis reported a significant reduction in ventilator-free days, organ failures, length of stay in ICU, mortality rates as well as relevant improvements in oxygenation and clinical outcomes of ventilated patients with ALI/ARDS given EPA and γ-linolenic acid (Pontes-Arruda, Demichele, Seth, & Singer, 2008). The efficacy and safety of a diet supplemented with a high-dose EPA and DHA (9 g/d added to 1 g/d ascorbic acid, 400UI/12 h α-tocopherol and 100 μg/d selenium) was assessed in patients with early-stage sepsis for 7 days. The investigators found patients had lower levels of CRP, IL-6 and procalcitonin, as well as less need for mechanical ventilation and reduced development of severe sepsis (Hosny, Nahas, Ali, Elshafei, & Khaled, 2013). Evidence for beneficial effects of n-3 PUFA-containing diets in patients with severe ARDS demonstrated similar outcomes such as reduced duration of mechanical ventilation, shorter ICU length and improved oxygenation (Langlois, D'Aragon, Hardy, & Manzanares, 2019). These effects are highlighted in a recent systematic review with a meta-analysis demonstrated critically ill patients receiving parenteral nutrition therapy enriched with fish oil lipid emulsion had reduced risk for infection and sepsis (40% and 56%, respectively) as well a reduction of hospital and ICU stay by about two days (Pradelli et al., 2020). Together, these studies demonstrate n-3 PUFA supplementation has favorable results in terms of multiple inflammatory, respiratory and clinical outcomes.