An important aspect in considering n-3 PUFAs as adjunctive therapy in critically or severe ill patients is the time of intervention, duration of treatment, dose, composition of the preparation and route of administration. The type and intensity of supportive treatment required by a patient is dependent upon the severity of disease and the possible need for hospitalization. Existing literature demonstrates it may take weeks or months for standard doses of n-3 PUFAs to exert a biological effect due to a gradual replacement of membrane AA. It has been hypothesized the acute supplementation with n-3 PUFAs may influence the inflammatory response in critically ill patients, particularly those with ALI (Martin & Stapleton, 2010). For example, a randomized clinical trial showed daily enteral feeding of critically ill ALI patients with elevated levels EPA, DHA and gamma-linolenic acid significantly reduced lung inflammation and improved oxygenation by 4 days. This was associated with a decreased duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU length of stay and mortality (Gadek et al., 1999; Singer et al., 2006). In a trial conducted by Pontes-Arruda et al. who studied patients with sepsis requiring mechanical ventilation, a diet enriched with EPA, gamma-linolenic acid and antioxidants delivered at a constant rate during a minimum of 4 days contributed to better ICU and hospital outcomes, oxygenation status, ventilator-free days and was associated with lower mortality at 28-day interval (Pontes-Arruda et al., 2006).