Finally, a recent multimodal approach including visual performance tests, advanced retinal imaging, and full-field electroretinogram (ERG) in 69 cognitively impaired subjects revealed sensitivity of the combined approach to cognitive decline (Cabrera DeBuc et al., 2018). Although more robust investigations are needed to validate these findings, this study supports the association of retinal geometric vascular and functional parameters with physiological changes in the retina in cognitively impaired individuals (Cabrera DeBuc et al., 2018). Future tools should assess whether a combination of these multimodal methods with specific retinal amyloid imaging will allow for earlier and/or more accurate assessment of AD.