Recent reports suggest that vascular pathology in AD brains occurs very early during disease progression (Nikolakopoulou et al., 2017). Yet, it is unclear how early vascular pathology can be detected via retinal imaging and whether it may specifically foretell AD development. Furthermore, the connections between vascular pathology and Aβ accumulation and clearance in both the brain and retina should be explored in future studies. To date, several studies imply the potential of utilizing retinal vascular biomarkers for early AD or pre-symptomatic stage screening as well as for predicting cognitive decline (Vidal and Mavet, 1989; Gharbiya et al., 2014; Bulut et al., 2016; Cunha et al., 2017; McGrory et al., 2017; Bulut et al., 2018; Jiang et al., 2018; O’Bryhim et al., 2018; Jung et al., 2019).