Systematic review of the literature demonstrates substantial contributions from polio models published in 2000–2019.
The complexities of polioviruses and the two poliovirus vaccines make policies and modeling challenging.
Different types of models, scopes, and definitions can lead to conflicting recommendations.
Long-term poliovirus vaccine use remains uncertain as the polio endgame extends further in time.
Future polio modeling offers opportunities to evaluate the risks, costs, and benefits of risk management options, including vaccines.