The polio endgame appears far from over [202], and the potential for modeling to contribute to future polio risk management activities appears promising. The GPEI, now 20 years late in delivering on polio eradication, faces an uncertain path and future. During the next few years, the success or failure of the 2016 globally coordinated OPV2 cessation will become clear, and global health leaders will evaluate their commitments to OPV cessation as a polio endgame strategy [80]. Modeling published in early 2020 suggests that the GPEI remains off track with respect to achieving WPV1 eradication and successful OPV2 cessation [202], although WPV1 eradication remains possible with sufficiently high-intensity OPV vaccination [236, 237]. Further modeling can help to quantify the probability of needing to restart OPV2, which a 2020 statistical analysis [238] and modeling study suggest appears likely [239].