The dynamic equilibrium maintained by innate and adaptive immunity is essential for impeding the progression of COVID-19 (7). In patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, the plasma levels of IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-γ, monocyte chemoattrac-tant peptide (MCP)-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1A, MIP-1B, G-CSF, and TNF-α are significantly higher than in controls. The levels of these factors are also increased in patients who were admitted to ICUs (8). Similarly, reductions in the levels of T cells and NK cells have been observed in COVID-19 patients (9). The loss of such cells can impair the immune system (10). The levels of the helper T cells, cytotoxic suppressive T cells, and regulatory T cells are much lower in patients with COVID-19 than in their healthy and less severe counterparts. The decrease in the regulatory T cells may hamper their ability to inhibit the chronic inflammation (11). Interes-tingly, a remarkable increase is observed in the naïve T cells, where as the memory T cells are reduced in infected patients (10). The reduced expression of memory cells may be a plau-sible explanation for the increased rates of reinfection by SARS-CoV-2.