Thus far, there is one other report demonstrating a direct exploitation of ERGIC-53 by viruses [39]. Several highly pathogenic RNA viruses, including arenavirus, coronavirus and filovirus, have been shown to take over ERGIC-53 for propagation. Similar to HBV, the envelope glycoproteins of these viruses associate with ERGIC-53 in a productive manner [39]. However, dissimilar to HBV, loss of the ERGIC-53 function did not compromise arenavirus glycoprotein trafficking or particle release but impaired viral infectiousness. As an underlying mechanism, virus-induced changes in ERGIC-53 trafficking were identified, resulting in an ERGIC-53 appearance at the plasma membrane where the budding arenavirus incorporated the lectin for an improvement of infectivity [39].