The diffusion of hygienic-behavioral rules among nephropathic patients and the preventive measures implemented in the various nephrological centers have proven effective in containing the diffusion of COVID-19 among patients with chronic kidney disease (on dialysis and non-dialysis) and transplanted kidney patients [137].
There is no vaccine and therapy specific for COVID-19.
Most of vaccine candidates are still in the preclinical phase [149].
Chronic renal failure patients receive the same therapeutic protocols as the general population; these include antiviral drugs, tocilizumab, low molecular weight heparin, hydroxychloroquine (recently stopped by AIFA) [150]. Interferons have also been proposed as a possible therapy [158].